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As part of a captive-breeding program to restore extirpated Columbia Basin pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) to their native habitat in Washington, we documented mating and parental care behavior of these lagomorphs, which was previously unknown. Pygmy rabbits bred from late February through early June, and mating behavior consisted of chasing and brief copulations. Although presented with 1–4 mating partners and 1–6 mating opportunities annually, only 74% of females became pregnant each year. Unlike other lagomorphs, females dug a 16- to 35-cm natal burrow, usually separate from the residential burrow system, an average of 13 days after a successful copulation. Twenty-four days after copulation, females...
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We determined their critical thermal maximum (CTMax) of four species of Eleutherodactylus frogs (E. wightmanae, E. brittoni, E. antillensis, E. coqui) to understand their response to warming temperatures. Data consist of capture history, body condition, and temperature at which the frog exhibited spasms and erratic behavior, which may impair predator avoidance. Our results underscored the potential vulnerability of Eleutherodactylus species exhibiting lower CTMax to the forecasted warming of tropical zones (e.g., E. wightmanae, E. brittoni).
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This dataset provides demographic information for the Svalbard population of pink-footed geese from 1991 to 2018. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Laboratory bioassays were conducted between 2014-2016 at Wayne State University in cooperation with USGS to determine if different species of cyanobacteria influence quagga mussel spawning and fertilization success. The data describes the algal cultures tested and their density/concentration, the number of individuals tested, and the spawning and fertilization success of quagga mussels exposed to the cyanobacteria and those that were not (control).
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A long-term, multiseason, fish egg sampling program is conducted annually on the Detroit, Saint Clair, and Saint Marys rivers to identify where productive fish spawning habitat currently exists and evaluate habitat restoration projects. Egg mats were placed on the river bottom during the spring and fall at historic spawning areas, candidate fish spawning habitat restoration sites, and completed spawning habitat restoration sites throughout the rivers. Widespread evidence was found of lithophilic spawning by numerous native fish species, including walleye (Sander vitreus), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), suckers (Family: Catostomidae), and trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus)....
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To assess the effects of rotenone (fish toxicant) treatment and possible fish removal effects on nesting Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) populations, nests were observed at two reservoirs east of Ashland, Oregon. Hyatt Reservoir was treated with rotenone on October 12, 1989. Howard Prairie was observed as an untreated reference area. Nests at both reservoirs were observed two years pre-treatment (1988, 1989) and two years post-treatment (1990, 1992). The dataset contains Osprey reproductive parameters, foraging parameters, prey delivery rates and bald eagle piracy rates at eight intensively observed nests. Fish stocking records and creel data were obtained from the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife for both reservoirs...
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The data describe the number, density, date of collection, and exact collection location of fish eggs (from multiple species) collected in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers from 2005-2016.
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A long-term, multiseason, fish egg sampling program is conducted annually on the Detroit, Saint Clair, and Saint Marys rivers to identify where productive fish spawning habitat currently exists. Egg mats were placed on the river bottom during the spring and fall at historic spawning areas, candidate fish spawning habitat restoration sites, and completed spawning habitat restoration sites throughout the rivers. Widespread evidence was found of lithophilic spawning by numerous native fish species, including walleye (Sander vitreus), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), suckers (Catostomidae spp.), and trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus). The data describe the number, density,...
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These data were acquired from 7 study sites distributed across the range of Gopherus agassizii. Data were collected from 1997 to 2002 as part of three separate studies, although data were not collected at all sites in each year. Radio-transmitters were attached to the carapace of 151 females and VHF radio-telemetry was used to relocate animals to assess reproductive status. Egg production was determined from X-radiographs taken weekly/biweekly intervals (depending on the study) using a portable X-ray machine between April and July or August of each year. In addition, the mean carapace length (MCL) of each tortoise was measured at each time of capture or recapture using calipers (mm). A nesting event was recorded...
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These data were compiled to evaluate reproductive output of Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizzi) in relation to environmental and individual-level variables. We collected data from four study sites in the Sonoran Desert of California, including two separate populations within Joshua Tree National Park, one population located on the northern versant of the Orocopia Mountains, and one population located at the extreme western end of the Coachella Valley. These data represent eight reproductive seasons that spanned over 20 years (1997-2000, 2015-2018). These data were compiled and added to a larger database with additional records collected by other scientists from eight other study sites in order to detect...
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Two unique datasets on the abundance and morphology of the angel lichen moth (Cisthene angelus) in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA were compiled to describe the phenology and life history of this common, but poorly known, species. The abundance data were collected from 2012 to 2013 through a collaboration with river runners in Grand Canyon National Park. These citizen scientists deployed light traps from their campsites for one hour each night of their expedition. Insects were preserved in ethanol on site, and returned to the Southwest Biological Science Center in Flagstaff, Arizona for analysis in the laboratory. A total of 2,437 light trap samples were sorted through, 903 of which contained C. angelus. In total, 73,841...
Previous field studies of squamate reptiles have shown that many life history traits show a significant amount of phenotypic plasticity, especially in response to prey availability. These results were recently supported by laboratory studies on a viviparous garter snake, which showed that clutch size and clutch mass were plastic in response to changes in energy intake, but that relative clutch mass and offspring size were relatively canalized. To determine if these results extend to oviparous reptiles, we conducted an experimental study of phenotypic plasticity in the corn snake, Elapheguttata. Female corn snakes on a high energy diet produced larger clutch sizes, larger clutch masses, and larger relative clutch...
The carbon costs of reproduction were examined in four subalpine herbaceous plant species for which number and size of flowers respond differently under a long-term infrared warming experiment. * Instantaneous measurements of gas exchange and an integrative model were used to calculate whole-plant carbon budgets and reproductive effort (RE). * Of the two species for which flowering was reduced, only one (Delphinium nuttallianum) exhibited higher RE under warming. The other species (Erythronium grandiflorum) flowers earlier when freezing events under warming treatment could have damaged floral buds. Of the two species for which flowering rates were not reduced, one (Helianthella quinquenervis) had higher RE, while...
The morphologically unique and endangered humpback chub, Gila cypha, is found in canyon-bound reaches of the Colorado River and its tributaries. Now limited to six isolated reproducing populations, this species is believed to have been once distributed over a large portion of the mainstem river. Because the species inhabits remote canyon areas, little is known about its spawning ecology. The largest remaining population occurs in the lower Little Colorado River (LCR) near Grand Canyon, where we conducted a three-year study of spawning ecology during spring (March-June) 1993?1995. We analyzed seasonal patterns of movement, population density, relative condition, spawning scores, and frequency of ripe condition and...
Long-term research with marked individuals shows that black-tailed, Gunnison's, and Utah prairie dogs (Sciuridae: Cynomys ludovicianus, C. gunnisoni, and C. parvidens) all reproduce slowly, despite claims of ranchers and early naturalists. Five factors are responsible for the slow reproduction. First, survivorship in the 1st year is <60% for all 3 species, and it remains low in later years. Second, even under optimal conditions, females of all 3 species produce only 1 litter/year. Third, the percentage of males that copulate as yearlings is only 6%, 24%, and 49% for black-tailed, Gunnison's, and Utah prairie dogs, respectively. The percentage of females that copulate as yearlings is only 35% for black-tailed prairie...
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The Eastern Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis) is a large-bodied seabird that nests in colonies of 10 to upwards of 5,000 pairs, on nearshore islands in subtropical and tropical North American waters. It breeds between March and August, laying 2–3 eggs and raising 1–2 chicks per year. The species is facultatively migratory during nonbreeding, with some individuals remaining resident and others leaving breeding areas. Pelicans forage in near- and offshore waters and capture schooling fish by plunge-diving. This dataset serves as a record of field notes used to estimate Brown pelican fledging success in 8 breeding colonies in Texas (2014), and Alabama and the Florida Panhandle (2015). We visited...
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Abstract Ecological factors favoring either resprouting or obligate seeding in plants have received considerable attention recently. Three ecological models have been proposed to explain patterns of these two life history types. In this study we test these three models using data from California chaparral. We take an innovative approach to testing these models by not testing community or landscape patterns, but instead, investigating environmental patterns characteristic of pairs of either resprouting or obligate seeding subspecies of Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae), a dominant and diverse shrub genus in chaparral. Four species were investigated that contain both a resprouting and an obligate seeding subspecies. Data...
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Identifying environmental parameters that influence probability of nest predation is important for developing and implementing effective management strategies for species of conservation concern. We estimated daily nest survival for a migratory population of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) breeding in black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in Wyoming, USA. We compared estimates based on 3 common approaches: apparent nesting success, Mayfield estimates, and a model-based logistic-exposure approach. We also examined whether 8 intrinsic and extrinsic factors affected daily nest survival in burrowing owls. Positive biases in apparent nest survival were low (36%), probably because prior knowledge...
The persistence and degree of mercury contamination of the lower Carson River system (LCRS) have led to placement of a portion of the Carson River Basin (including Lahontan Reservoir) on the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Priorities List ("Superfund") for research and cleanup. The potential toxicity of mercury concentrations within the LCRS to piscivorous birds (snowy egrets, black-crowned night-herons, and double-crested cormorants) was examined from 1997-2006. This data set supports the following publications: Henny, C.J., Hill, E.F., Grove, R.A., Kaiser, J.L., 2007, Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada- I. Snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron annual exposure to mercury,...
The seasonal reproductive cycles of male and female desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) were studied under semi-natural conditions. Tortoises were maintained in outdoor pens subject to ambient weather conditions and received supplemental food and water. Heparinized blood samples were collected monthly using jugular puncture. Ovarian follicular growth and egg development were monitored using ultrasonography. Mating was observed in the fall (following nesting) and the spring (prior to nesting). Vitellogenesis occurred during the fall prior to hibernation. Nesting was observed from May-early July with females producing one or two clutches. Clutches ranged from 2-7 eggs. Both males and females displayed seasonal testosterone...
map background search result map search result map Factors Affecting Daily Nest Survival of Burrowing Owls Within Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies Arctostaphylos Occurrence and Historical Fires Table Angel Lichen Moth Abundance and Morphology Data, Grand Canyon, AZ, 2012 Fish eggs collected in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers, 2005-2016 Productivity of Brown Pelican in the northern Gulf of Mexico (2014-2015) Fish eggs collected in the St. Clair, Detroit, and St. Marys rivers, 2005-2018. Demographic Parameters for Svalbard Pink-Footed Geese, 1991-2018 Agassiz's desert tortoise and egg data from the Sonoran Desert of California (1997-2000, 2015-2018) Local demographic rates and CTMax values of four Eleutherodactylus frogs in Puerto Rico, 2017-2019 Effects of rotenone on nesting Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) at Hyatt and Howard Prairie Reservoirs, OR, 1988-1992 Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Morphometrics and Egg Data from Seven Sites across the Mojave, (1997-2002) Fish eggs collected in the St. Clair, Detroit, and St. Marys rivers, 2005-2022 Local demographic rates and CTMax values of four Eleutherodactylus frogs in Puerto Rico, 2017-2019 Effects of rotenone on nesting Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) at Hyatt and Howard Prairie Reservoirs, OR, 1988-1992 Fish eggs collected in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers, 2005-2016 Angel Lichen Moth Abundance and Morphology Data, Grand Canyon, AZ, 2012 Fish eggs collected in the St. Clair, Detroit, and St. Marys rivers, 2005-2018. Fish eggs collected in the St. Clair, Detroit, and St. Marys rivers, 2005-2022 Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Morphometrics and Egg Data from Seven Sites across the Mojave, (1997-2002) Factors Affecting Daily Nest Survival of Burrowing Owls Within Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies Productivity of Brown Pelican in the northern Gulf of Mexico (2014-2015) Arctostaphylos Occurrence and Historical Fires Table Demographic Parameters for Svalbard Pink-Footed Geese, 1991-2018