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Lichens containing blue-green algae were measured by transects and reconnaissance in six major temperate vegetation types to estimate possible significance in annual nitrogen budgets and patch dynamics within ecosystems, and to estimate how a functional ecosystem attribute, i.e. nitrogen fixation, correlates with vegetation structure. Lichen cover was negligible in sagebrush desert, pinyon-juniper woodland, ponderosa pine forest and alpine tundra, but averaged 72 m2ha-1 in Douglas fir forest and 33 m2ha-1 in spruce-fir forest. North slopes of Douglas fir forest had the highest average cover, 130 m2ha-1. All macrolichens were terrestrial species of Peltigera with P. canina the overwhelming dominant. Based on published...
Twenty species of the crustose lichen genus Ochrolechia are represented in the flora of North America north of Mexico. The species are described and illustrated and their ranges given by the citation of specimens and by maps. Two species, O. farinacea from Washington and Oregon and O. sorediosa from Alberta, are described as new and one new combination, O. pterulina (Nyl.) Howard (= Lecanora tartarea var. pterulina), is made. Published in The Bryologist, volume 73, issue 1, on pages 93 - 130, in 2007.
Vagrant lichen taxa are presently recognized in several genera. Xanthoparmelia contains the largest number of vagrant taxa and is the most widely distributed geographically, with vagrant taxa represented in several habitats in North America and other continents. Aspicilia has the second largest number of vagrant taxa worldwide, including A. fruticulosa (Eversm.) Flagey, reported new for North America from Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. Habitat supporting vagrant lichens is typically windswept, semi-arid, and sparsely vegetated. In some areas attached, erratic, and vagrant taxa of Rhizoplaca occur sympatrically. Environmentally modified erratic forms of attached taxa of Dermatocarpon, Lecanora, and Umbilicaria...
Over 26,100 records of lichens present in 144 U.S. national park units were assembled from various sources into a database and analyzed. Within these 144 park units 2,435 species and 375 genera are reported, representing 63% and 74% of the North American flora, respectively. The park units are located in 41 states and Washington, D.C. The average number of species in a park is 104, but the median is 60, indicating there are many parks with a small number of species and a few with high numbers. Isle Royale National Park has the most species, 611, and twelve parks have only one species reported. The number of records of lichens present ranged from one for 25 parks, to 1,623 for Isle Royale. Physcia aipolia is the...
Biological soil crusts, often referred to in the North American literature as microbiotic, crypto- gamic, cryptobiotic, or microphytic crusts, are the dominant biological soil surface feature in arid and semi-arid landscapes. Crusts comprise a complex assemblage of organisms such as mosses, liver- worts, cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, fungi, and bacteria growing on and within the uppermost layers of the soil. Their close association with the soil means that they are subject to processes operating at the interface between the biosphere and the atmosphere. This makes them useful indicators, or surrogates, of activities that impact upon the soil or the atmosphere. Published in The Bryologist, volume 103, issue 4, on...
Chlorophyll degradation and electrolyte leakage were measured for the umbilicate desert lichen Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (Ram.) Leuck. & Poelt in the vicinity of a coal-fired power plant near Page, Arizona. Patterns of lichen damage indicated by chlorophyll degradation were similar to those indicated by electrolyte leakage. Regression analyses of chlorophyll degradation as well as electrolyte leakage on distance from the power plant were significant (p < 0.001), suggesting that lichen damage decreased with increasing distance from the power plant. Mean values for both variables at the two sites closest to the power plant (7 and 12 km) differed significantly from values for the two sites farthest from the plant (21...
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