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Geochemical, grain size, lithological, bathymetric, reconstructed integrated vapor transport, and age model data for Leonard Lake, Mendocino County The data herein are geochemical (from X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry), grain size (percent clay, silt, sand), lithological (loss on ignition data), bathymetric, reconstructed IVT, and radioactive isotopes (14-C, 210-Pb, 226-Ra, and 137-Cs). These data were collected from sediments from Leonard Lake, Mendocino County, California, USA starting in 2014. Together, these data provide evidence for a record of extreme precipitation going back three millennia, showing regional pluvial and drought cycles. Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: California, Climatology, Geography, Hydrology, Limnology, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), biota, ecology, flooding, Fewer tags Hydroclimate Projections for Select U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Properties - Mountain-Prairie Region, 1951-2099 This data release contains time series and plots summarizing mean monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation, and runoff from the U.S. Geological Survey Monthly Water Balance Model at 115 National Wildlife Refuges within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain-Prairie Region (CO, KS, MT, NE, ND, SD, UT, and WY). The three variables are derived from two sets of statistically-downscaled general circulation models from 1951 through 2099. The three variables were summarized for comparison across four 19-year periods: historic (1951-1969), baseline (1981-1999), 2050 (2041-2059), and 2080 (2071-2089). For each refuge, mean monthly plots, seasonal box plots, and annual envelope plots were produced for each... Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Climatology, Colorado, Hydrology, Kansas, Montana, All tags... National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Utah, Water Resources, Wyoming, effects of climate change, inlandWaters, Fewer tags Future Climate and Hydrology from Twenty Localized Constructed Analog (LOCA) Scenarios and the Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) This data release contains monthly 270-meter resolution Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate and hydrologic variables for Localized Constructed Analog (LOCA; Pierce et al., 2014)-downscaled Global Climate Models (GCMs) for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 (medium-low emissions) and 8.5 (high emissions) for hydrologic California. The 20 future climate scenarios consist of ten GCMs with RCP 4.5 and 8.5 each: ACCESS 1.0, CanESM2, CCSM4, CESM1-BGC, CMCC-CMS, CNRM-CM5, GFDL-CM3, HadGEM2-CC, HadGEM2-ES, and MIROC5. The LOCA climate scenarios span water years 1950 to 2099 with greenhouse-gas forcings beginning in 2006. The LOCA downscaling method has been shown to produce better estimates of extreme... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: California, Climatology, Hydrology, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, All tags... Water Resources, atmospheric and climatic processes, climate change, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, environment, evaporation, geoscientificInformation, hydrology, inlandWaters, mathematical modeling, permeability, precipitation (atmospheric), snow and ice cover, soil moisture, streamflow, surface water (non-marine), transpiration, water budget, water cycle, water resources, watershed management, Fewer tags Global reference evapotranspiration for food-security monitoring (ver. 2.1, April 2024) The data are a long-term (1980-present), daily reanalysis of reference evapotranspiration, covering the globe at a spatial resolution of 0.625° Longitude x 0.5° Latitude. Reference evapotranspiration is a measure of evaporative demand, or the "thirst of the atmosphere", basically how much moisture from the surface could evaporate into overpassing air, assuming (i) that enough water is available to evaporate and (ii) the surface is covered with a specific reference crop that completely shades the ground (some other conditions also apply). For this dataset, reference evapotranspiration is derived from the daily implementation of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration equation (Monteith, 1965) as codified... Categories: Data, Data Release - Revised; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service, Raster; Tags: Climatology, Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Resources, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, All tags... food-security, geoscientificInformation, global, long-term daily product, reference evapotranspiration, Fewer tags Database of Trends in Vegetation Properties and Climate Adaptation Variables on the San Carlos Apache Reservation and Upper Gila River Watershed (1935-2021) We apply a research approach that can inform riparian restoration planning by developing products that show recent trends in vegetation conditions identifying areas potentially more at risk for degradation and the associated relationship between riparian vegetation dynamics and climate conditions. The vegetation is characterized using a series of remote sensing vegetation indices developing using satellite imagery, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Tasseled Cap (TC) Transformation metrics of brightness, greenness, and wetness. Each of these remote sensing vegetation indices provides a unique characterization of the vegetation properties. For example, NDVI provides a general overview... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climatology, Environmental Health, Geography, Land Use Change, Remote Sensing, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Fewer tags National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S. Canadian border to Icy Cape Beaches are a dynamic interface between water and land and are frequently subjected to a range of natural hazards, which include flooding, storm effects, and coastal erosion. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a national assessment of coastal change hazards across the Nation. One component of this research effort, the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project, documents changes in shoreline position as a proxy for coastal change. Shoreline position is one of the most commonly monitored indicators of environmental change and it is an easily understood feature marking the location of a beach through time. A principal component of the USGS national assessment of shoreline change has been to develop... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climatology, Geomorphology, Land Use Change Projections of shoreline change for California due to 21st century sea-level rise This dataset contains projections of shoreline change and uncertainty bands across California for future scenarios of sea-level rise (SLR). Projections were made using the Coastal Storm Modeling System - Coastal One-line Assimilated Simulation Tool (CoSMoS-COAST), a numerical model run in an ensemble forced with global-to-local nested wave models and assimilated with satellite-derived shoreline (SDS) observations across the state. Scenarios include 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300 and 500 centimeters (cm) of SLR by the year 2100. Output for SLR of 0 cm is also included, reflective of conditions in 2000. Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, California, California Coast, Climate change, All tags... Climatology, ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, climate-change effects, waves, wind, Fewer tags Supplemental data for the report Groundwater Discharge by Evapotranspiration from the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River and Contributing Areas, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California This data release supports U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific Investigations Report 2023-5106, Groundwater Discharge by Evapotranspiration from the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River and Contributing Areas, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California. It consists of two comma-separated values (CSV) files containing data collected at two USGS atmospheric monitoring locations (USGS site identification numbers 355846116160401 and 355918116161801) beginning in January 2018 and lasting for approximately 1 year. The data include 30-minute values for cumulative normalized flux for 6 circular areas around each site and 30-minute values for unadjusted total evapotranspiration. The radii of the circular areas are 25, 50,... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Amargosa River, California, California Valley, Chicago Valley, Climatology, All tags... Hydrology, Inyo County, Resting Springs, San Bernardino County, Shoshone, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Resources, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, cumulative normalized flux, evaporation, evapotranspiration, groundwater, groundwater flow, inlandWaters, river systems, transpiration, Fewer tags Bringing the South Dakota southern Black Hills Mammoth Site formation and fossil discovery to light: a chronological reassignment using Luminescence Dating The Mammoth Springs (MS) fossil site at Hot Springs, South Dakota, provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions. We used luminescence dating on fine sand sized potassium feldspars to establish a chronological framework for the site. In addition, we dated a late Pleistocene paludal proxy site using luminescence and incorporated those results with previous radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon dating of the MS sinkhole organics suggested that the ages of the sediments that hosted the fossils was ~22-26 ka, while luminescence dating on feldspar grains suggested substantially older ages of ~130-255 ka. Analysis of the equivalent dose dispersion of the luminescence samples showed that the sediments... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Black Hills, Climatology, Fall River, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, All tags... Hot Springs, Land Use Change, Mammuthus, Pleistocene, South Dakota, Stratigraphy, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), lacustrine, luminescence dating, paludal, radiation dosimetry, sinkhole, terraces, Fewer tags Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) for California Coastal Basins - Monthly Historical (water years 1896-2019) and Future (water years 2006-2099) Climate and Hydrology This data release contains monthly 270-meter gridded Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate inputs and hydrologic outputs for 17 California Coastal Basins (Eel River, Fort Bragg, Fort Ross, Klamath, Los Angeles, Mad River, Mattole, Napa Sonoma, Russian River, Salinas, San Diego, San Francisco Coastal South, Santa Clara River Valley, Santa Clara River Valley South Bay, Smith, South Bay, and South Delta) and the surrounding contributing watershed area containing 181 groundwater basins. Downscaled gridded climate inputs (Daly et al., 2008) include: precipitation (ppt), minimum temperature (tmn), maximum temperature (tmx), and potential evapotranspiration (pet). Gridded hydrologic variables include: actual evapotranspiration... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: California, Climatology, Environmental Health, Geography, Hydrology, All tags... Information Sciences, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, Water Resources, atmospheric and climatic processes, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, environment, evaporation, geoscientificInformation, hydrology, inlandWaters, mathematical modeling, permeability, precipitation (atmospheric), snow and ice cover, soil moisture, streamflow, surface water (non-marine), transpiration, water budget, water cycle, water resources, watershed management, Fewer tags Rain measurements in and near the CZU Lightning Complex Fire area, Santa Cruz Mountains, California, 2021 to 2022 Rainfall measurements were collected in and near the CZU Lightning Complex Fire (hereafter, "CZU Fire") burn area, Santa Cruz Mountains, California. The CZU Fire ignited in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, on August 16, 2020. By the time of full containment on September 22, 2020, the fire had burned 350 km2 (86,510 acres) in Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) installed four rain gages in and near the CZU Fire burn area to measure rainfall during two post-fire wet seasons. The USGS gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of Big Basin Redwoods State Park, the Big Creek Lumber Co., the McCrary family, and Brookdale Lodge in the collection of these data. This data release contains... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: CMHRP, Climatology, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Geomorphology, Hydrology, All tags... PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz County, State of California, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, environment, fire damage, precipitation (atmospheric), precipitation measurements, Fewer tags Selected inputs for examining the complex relations between climate and streamflow in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States Streams provide water for human activities and consumption in much of the world. Streamflow is largely controlled by climate forces, therefore it is likely sensitive to climate changes. We analyzed daily air temperature (AT), precipitation (P), and stream discharge (Q) metrics for 124 watersheds in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, United States, from 1981 through 2020. Spatial-raster datasets of daily P in mm were downloaded from Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM; http://prism.oregonstate.edu) on March 30, 2021, and datasets of daily AT in degrees Celsius (°C) were downloaded June 22, 2021, both at a 4-square kilometer (km2) resolution for the contiguous U.S. The final quarter... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climatology, Hydrology, NWIS, PCA, PRISM, All tags... SLR, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, Water Quality, air temperature, discharge, precipitation, season, Fewer tags Monthly Ensemble Mean Evapotranspiration (EMET) Product for the Los Planes basin in Baja California Sur, Mexico from January 2006 through December 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) are valuable for effective monitoring and management of water resources. In areas that lack a ground-based monitoring network, remote sensing allows for accurate and consistent estimates of ETa across a large spatial extent – though each algorithm has limitations (i.e., ground-based validation, temporal consistency, spatial resolution). We developed an Ensemble Mean ETa (EMET) product to incorporate advancements and reduce uncertainty among algorithms (i.e., energy-balance, optical-only), which we use to estimate vegetative water use in response to restoration practices being implemented on the ground using management interventions (i.e., fencing pastures, erosion control... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climatology, Geography, Hydrology, Land Use Change, Remote Sensing, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Fewer tags Digital compilation of historical ice terminus positions of tidewater glaciers in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska In coastal subarctic environments such as the fjords of Southeast Alaska, tidewater glaciers can control local hydrology, climatic patterns, ecology, and geologic hazards like landslides and consequent tsunami waves. Documenting and studying glacial retreat in fjords can help scientists understand the dynamic systems that are intrinsically tied to glacial ice processes and forecast changes in these systems. Detailed inventories of glacial retreat have been produced using satellite images and other remote data spanning back to the mid-1900s. However, compiling data on ice positions from before the availability of remotely sensed data requires the existence of historical observations and surveys; oral or written accounts;... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climatology, Ecology, Geography, Geomorphology, Glaciology, All tags... Hydrology, Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Fewer tags The Influence of the North Pacific Jet Stream on Future Fire in California In California, increased wildfire activity has been linked to decreasing snowpack and earlier snowmelt. Not only has this translated into a longer fire season, but reduced snowpack has cascading effects that impact streamflow, water supplies, agricultural productivity, and ecosystems. California receives 80% of its precipitation during the winter, so mountain snowpack plays a critical role in replenishing the state’s water supply. One factor that affects the amount of winter precipitation (and therefore snowpack) in California is the North Pacific Jet (NPJ)—a current of strong, high altitude winds that occur over the northern Pacific Ocean. Winters when the NPJ is located further north than normal are drier than... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service, Report; Tags: 2013, CA, CA-wide, CASC, Completed, All tags... Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Federal, Fire, Fire, Landscapes, Landscapes, NPJ, Other Landscapes, Other Landscapes, Other Water, Other Water, Plants, Plants, Projects by Region, Projects by Region, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, Southwest, Southwest, Southwest, Southwest CASC, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, atmosphere, climatology, decadal, ecological response, ecosystem, ecosystem, fire, hydrological response, jet stream, management, north pacific jet, snowmelt, snowpack, tree ring reconstruction, tree rings, water, wildfire, wildfire, Fewer tags Pliocene Planktic Foraminiferal Census Data from the Northeast Indian Ocean and Southeast Virginia Quantitative counts of individuals identified to the species level. Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climatology, Ecology, Indian Ocean, Isle of Wight County, Marine Geology, All tags... North Atlantic Ocean, Pliocene, Stratigraphy, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Virginia, biota, Fewer tags Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (PlioMIP3) Data Distribution These files provide global coverage data describing boundary conditions for various aspects of the physical world representing several chosen times in Earth's history to be used as input data for climate modeling experiments. The raster data sets are provided in NetCDF format which is standard for climate modelling. Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Atmospheric CO2, Climatology, Earth System Sensitivity, Ecology, Environmental Health, All tags... Geography, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Land ice, Marine Geology, Paleoclimate, Paleoecology, Paleogeography, Pliocene, Sea ice, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Vegetation, biota, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, elevation, environment, geoscientificInformation, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, oceans, Fewer tags Chemical analyses and precipitation depth data for wet deposition samples collected as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program in the Colorado Front Range, 2017-2019 The USGS Precipitation Chemistry Quality Assurance Project (PCQA) conducts research using the infrastructure of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) National Trends Network (NTN). Beginning in December 2016, the PCQA installed and began operating NTN monitoring sites in the Denver-Boulder metropolitan area to study urban reactive nitrogen wet deposition. Precipitation depth data are collected at 15-minute intervals using electronically recording precipitation gages, and weekly composite samples are obtained using automated mechanical collectors. The precipitation depth data are summarized into daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual records. The samples are analyzed by the NADP Central Analytical Laboratory... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Boulder, Colorado, Climatology, Denver, Colorado, Fort Collins, Colorado, Hydrology, All tags... Niwot Ridge, Pawnee National Grasslands, Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Rocky Mountain National Park, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Quality, none, Fewer tags CoSMoS 3.2 Northern California sub-regional tier 2 FLOW-WAVE model input files This dataset consists of physics-based Delft3D-FLOW and WAVE hydrodynamic models input files used for Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) tier 2 simulations. These sub-regional simulations cover portions of the Northern California open-coast region; boundary conditions are derived from regional Tier 1 simulations. These Simulations are run for several storm events (covering a range of no storm, 1-year, 20-year, and 100-year coastal storm conditions) and sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Climate Change, Climatology, ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, All tags... Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources, Earth sciences, Hazards Planning, Northern California, Ocean Winds, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, State of California, USGS, climate-change effects, coastal erosion, erosion, extreme weather, mathematical modeling, numerical modeling, ocean waves, sea-level change, sea-level rise, storm surge, storms, waves, winds, Fewer tags Historical simulated snowpack and other hydrometeorology data at 30 m for the Crown of the Continent and vicinity, United States and Canada, water years 1981-2020 This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). The... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Alberta, British Columbia, Climatology, Crown of the Continent, Glacier National Park, All tags... Idaho, Montana, Northern Rocky Mountains, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Waterton Lakes National Park, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, precipitation (atmospheric), runoff, snow, snow and ice cover, snowmelt, snowpack, Fewer tags