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Abstract (from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320715300926): Ecological resilience assessments are an important part of resilience-based management (RBM) and can help prioritize and target management actions. Use of such assessments has been limited due to a lack of clear guidance on the assessment process. This study builds on the latest scientific advances in RBM to provide that guidance from a resilience assessment undertaken in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). We assessed spatial variation in ecological resilience potential at 78 forereef sites near the populated islands of the CNMI: Saipan, Tinian/Aguijan, and Rota. The assessments are based on measuring indicators...
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Invasive marine species are well documented but options to manage them are limited. At Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (Central North Pacific), native invasive corallimorpharians, Rhodactis howesii, have smothered live native corals since 2007. Laboratory and field trials were conducted evaluating two control methods to remove R. howesii overgrowing the benthos at Palmyra Atoll (Palmyra): 1) toothpaste mixed with chlorine, citric acid, or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and 2) hot water. Paste mixed with NaOH had the most efficacious kill in mesocosm trials and resulted in >90% kill over a 98 m2 area three days after treatment. Hot water at 82C was most effective in mesocosms; in the field hot water was less effective...
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This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 2.5 centimeters (cm) per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) on 24 June 2018. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous flight lines spaced to provide approximately 75 percent overlap between images from adjacent lines. The UAS was flown at an approximate altitude of 100 meters above ground level (AGL), resulting...
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This portion of the data release presents raw aerial imagery collected during an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, on 24 June 2018. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted in a nadir orientation using a fixed mount. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture, and shutter speed were adjusted for ambient light conditions. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous flight lines spaced to provide approximately 75 percent overlap between images from adjacent lines. The UAS was flown at an approximate altitude of 100 meters...
This dataset consists of physics-based XBeach Non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic models input files used to study how coral reef restoration affects waves and wave-driven water levels over coral reefs, and the resulting wave-driven runup on the adjacent shoreline. Coral reefs are effective natural coastal flood barriers that protect adjacent communities. Coral degradation compromises the coastal protection value of reefs while also reducing their other ecosystem services, making them a target for restoration. Here we provide a physics-based evaluation of how coral restoration can reduce coastal flooding for various types of reefs. These input files accompany the modeling conducted for the following publication: Roelvink,...
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Transects of near-surface seawater properties were collected over the fringing reef off Makua, HI, on the north shore of Kauai using a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) logger, either hand-carried or mounted to a kayak. The instrument returns temperature, salinity as a function of depth, and latitude/longitude.
Geochemical analysis (including stable boron, boron:calcium ratio, and carbon and oxygen isotopes) were measured from coral cores collected in July 2013 from the shallow reef at Kahekili in Kaanapali, west Maui, Hawaii from scleractinian Porites lobata.
This Project Snapshot provides a brief summary overview of the project "Assessing the Sustainability of Culturally Important Marine Sites in Guam and CNMI".
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This data was collected to estimate coastal exposure and vulnerability index for rapid decision-making. The dataset identifies coastal regions exposed to climatic changes and prioritizing beaches for restoration goals using various models and indices including: the output of SWAN (Simulating waves nearshore) model, the geomorphology of the coastline of the State of Hawaiʻi based on Environmental Sensitivity Index, an index for identifying coastal regions protected by attenuation capabilities of corals from climatic forcings, the use of linking bathymetry (Multibeam Bathymetry Synthesis - UH SOEST) and Digital Elevation Model (NOAA - IfSAR) of topography for the State of Hawaiʻi, the status of coral reefs using the...
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Coral reef ecosystems serve as natural coastal defenses, support local island economies, and are important sources of food for coastal communities. However, an increase in coral bleaching events, and the associated declines of coral cover and diversity, are highly likely as sea surface temperatures continue to rise. Multiple coral bleaching events between 2013 and 2017 have already impacted the reefs of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, resulting in the loss of more than a third of shallow living-coral cover, with some species groups experiencing greater than 90% mortality. This devastating series of bleaching events strengthened existing partnerships between federal and local agencies and...
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Coral reefs are critical providers of food, economic opportunity, and cultural value in the Pacific Islands. Coral bleaching events, driven by extreme water temperatures, jeopardize reefs’ ability to continue providing these services. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of marine heat waves leading to bleaching events, reducing the amount of time for full recovery, and increasing the chances of permanent damage to reefs. Reef managers urgently need strategies that will improve reef resilience, increasing the reefs’ ability to withstand harsh conditions or recover quickly after damage. Example strategies include restoring coral in areas with good conditions for coral survival, protecting naturally...
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An extensive set of physics-based XBeach Non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic model simulations (with input files here included) were used to evaluate the influence of shore-normal reef channels on flooding along fringing reef-lined coasts, specifically during extreme wave conditions when the risk for coastal flooding and the resulting impact to coastal communities is greatest. These input files accompany the modeling conducted for the following publication: Storlazzi, C.D., Rey, A.E., and van Dongeren, A.R., 2022, A numerical study of geomorphic and oceanographic controls on wave-driven runup on fringing reefs with shore-normal channels: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(6), 828, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060828.
This data release contains water level and velocity measurements from wave runup experiments performed in a laboratory flume setting. Wave-driven water level variability (and runup at the shoreline) is a significant cause of coastal flooding induced by storms. Wave runup is challenging to predict, particularly along tropical coral reef-fringed coastlines due to the steep bathymetric profiles and large bottom roughness generated by reef organisms. The 2012 University of Western Australia Fringing Reef Experiment (UWAFRE) measured water levels and velocities for sixteen wave and offshore (still) water level conditions on a 1:36 geometric scale fringing reef profile with and without bottom roughness. Experiments were...
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This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, on 24 June 2018. Twenty temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of: nine submerged targets consisting of small (80 centimeter X 80 centimeter) square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns anchored to the shallow (less than 1.5 meters deep) seafloor using 0.9 kilogram fishing weights; nine sub-aerial targets consisting of orange plastic five-gallon...
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Surface runoff and submarine groundwater discharge in particular are known vectors to the coastal ocean of elevated nutrients and contaminants leading to eutrophication, algal overgrowth, and coral disease. Freshwater discharging directly from submarine groundwater vents off of Kahekili Beach Park, Kaanapali, in West Maui contains elevated nutrient concentrations and lower pH values. Coral cores were collected in July 2013 from the shallow reef at Kahekili in Kaanapali, West Maui, Hawaii from scleractinian Porites lobata to specifically addresses the relationship between coral reef health and compounding stressors from contaminated submarine groundwater discharge.
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Coastal zones are popular recreational areas that substantially contribute to social welfare. Managers can use information about specific environmental features that people appreciate, and how these might change under different management scenarios, to spatially target actions to areas of high current or potential value. We explored how snorkelers’ experience would be affected by separate and combined land and marine management actions in West Maui, Hawaiʻi, using a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) and a spatially explicit ecosystem services model. The BBN simulates recreational attractiveness by combining snorkelers’ preferences for coastal features with experts’ opinions on ecological dynamics, snorkeler behavior,...
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Projected future wave-driven flooding depths on Roi-Namur Island on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands for a range of climate-change scenarios. This study utilized field data to calibrate oceanographic and hydrogeologic models, which were then used with climate-change and sea-level rise projections to explore the effects of sea-level rise and wave-driven flooding on atoll islands and their freshwater resources. The overall objective of this effort, due to the large uncertainty in future emissions (and thus climate change scenarios) that is largely irreducible, was to reduce risk and increase island resiliency by providing model simulations across a range of plausible future conditions. This...
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Coral reefs are massive, wave resistant structures found throughout the tropics, where they have long attracted attention for their beauty, ecological importance, and rich biological diversity. However, in recent years attention to these systems has focused on their downturn in health and the potential that they effectively could disappear within a century. Yet while many coral reefs have deteriorated, a small number have flourished and now represent “oases” with the potential to drive repopulation of the denuded areas that surround them. This working group focuses on the geographic, biological, ecological, and physical features that characterize oases in coral reef communities, and evaluates the potential of...
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The Republic of Palau, a Freely Associated State of the U.S. and a global leader in ocean conservation, recently implemented the Palau National Marine Sanctuary, which closed 80% of its ocean to fishing. As offshore fish become scarcer in the domestic market, managers have begun to worry about increased harvesting pressure on already overfished nearshore environments. This pressure, in addition to stressors from land-use change, sea-level rise, and warming oceans, could threaten the food and economic security of many Palauans. However, adaptively managing stressors in an integrated way can mitigate declines and even promote recovery, while still being cost-effective, resulting in direct benefits to coastal communities....
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Time-series of seawater carbonate chemistry variables, including salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients, pH, total alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon from sites along Kahekili Beach Park, west Maui near submarine groundwater seeps and living coral reefs. Samples for seawater were collected by pumping bottom water from the seafloor using a peristaltic pump and collecting discrete water samples every 4-hrs over a 6-day period.
map background search result map search result map Seawater carbonate chemistry, Kahekili, west Maui Coral growth parameters, Kahekili, west Maui Near-surface measurements of Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data, Makua, Kauai, USA, August 2016 A decision-support tool to help local managers protect coral reefs in Hawaiʻi Data release for Linking land and sea through an ecological-economic model of coral reef recreation Using Cutting-Edge Technology to Assess Coral Reef Bleaching Events and Recovery Rates in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Examining How Ridge-to-Reef Governance in Palau Can Enhance Coastal Food Security in a Changing Climate Coral geochemistry time series from Kahekili, west Maui Identifying Locations for Coral Reef Climate Resilience Aerial imagery from the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018 Orthomosaic imagery from the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018 Ground control point locations for the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018 Data on invasive corallimorphs Palmyra Coral geochemistry time series from Kahekili, west Maui Seawater carbonate chemistry, Kahekili, west Maui Coral growth parameters, Kahekili, west Maui Aerial imagery from the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018 Orthomosaic imagery from the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018 Ground control point locations for the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018 Near-surface measurements of Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data, Makua, Kauai, USA, August 2016 Data release for Linking land and sea through an ecological-economic model of coral reef recreation Examining How Ridge-to-Reef Governance in Palau Can Enhance Coastal Food Security in a Changing Climate Data on invasive corallimorphs Palmyra Using Cutting-Edge Technology to Assess Coral Reef Bleaching Events and Recovery Rates in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands A decision-support tool to help local managers protect coral reefs in Hawaiʻi Identifying Locations for Coral Reef Climate Resilience