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Paleogastroliths, as defined in this study, are stomach stones associated exclusively with extinct animals. Definitive recognition of paleogastroliths is problematic and controversial. Polished, rounded stones found within skeletal remains of dinosaurs and plesiosaurs are the strongest evidence. This study examined intraskeletal and proposed paleogastroliths using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine if any defining surface textures occur. Paleogastroliths associated with the skeletal remains of Seismosaurus hallorum, possible paleogastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, and other well-polished stones were obtained. Most stones were composed of either quartzite or chert and were...