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The Kern River deer herd includes primarily California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus), but some Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis) associate with California mule deer on the summer range. The population size peaked at 11,000 individuals in 1949, but in recent decades numbers have decreased to an estimated 3,500 deer in 1995 and 2,000 deer in 2001. The population size estimate is now, conservatively, approximately 4,000 individuals owing primarily to habitat expansion by the 2001 McNally Fire (California Department of Fish and Wildlife unpublished data). The Kern River herd winters in Sequoia National Forest north of Johnsondale and east of Slate Mountain. In the spring, they migrate northward...
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The Manache mule deer herd contains both California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus) and Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis). The herd predominantly covers the east slopes and crest of the Sierra Nevada. Elevation stretches from 3,200 ft on the Owens Valley winter range, to above 11,000 ft on the summer ranges in Sequoia National Park. The Manache herd migrates from winter ranges just west of U.S. Route 395 on the steep slopes and valleys of the Sierra Nevada near Dunmovin and Haiwee east to some of the highest elevations in the continental United States in Inyo and Sequoia National Forests. Deer numbers were very low by 1900, attributed largely to extreme overgrazing by domestic sheep and...
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The Manache mule deer herd contains both California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus) and Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis). The herd predominantly covers the east slopes and crest of the Sierra Nevada. Elevation stretches from 3,200 ft on the Owens Valley winter range, to above 11,000 ft on the summer ranges in Sequoia National Park. The Manache herd migrates from winter ranges just west of U.S. Route 395 on the steep slopes and valleys of the Sierra Nevada near Dunmovin and Haiwee east to some of the highest elevations in the continental United States in Inyo and Sequoia National Forests. Deer numbers were very low by 1900, attributed largely to extreme overgrazing by domestic sheep and...
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The Salt Springs herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada predominantly on private property from Tylers Corner south to Sheep Ranch. The summer range is in high-elevation terrain near Lower Bear River Reservoir and Salt Springs Reservoir. The winter range consists of mainly oak woodland habitat and the summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited data. This GPS collaring project was designed as part of a region-wide effort to obtain abundance estimates for deer using fecal DNA and home range analyses, with pinpointing migration routes and identifying winter ranges a secondary priority....
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The Pend Oreille elk sub-herd is part of the larger Selkirk elk herd located in northeast Washington on nine Game Management Units (GMU; GMUs 101, 105, 108, 111, 113, 117, 121, 124, and 204). Elk used in this analysis were collared in GMUs 117 and 121 on winter ranges located east and west of the Huckleberry Mountain Range, along the Colville River Valley that splits the two GMUs, and west of the Pend Oreille River. In this area, private landowners manage 77 percent of the land (primarily for timber), the U.S. Forest Service manages 16 percent, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, and Bureau of Land Management manage the remaining 7 percent. Montane conifer forests dominate the...
Mule deer within the Upper Shoshone herd make a number of significant, long-distance migrations west into the core of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The longest is a 133-mile (214-km) migration that originates at the mouth of the South Fork of the Shoshone River near Buffalo Bill Reservoir and ends at Jenny Lake in Grand Teton National Park. Deer in the Upper Shoshone herd winter in the lower-elevation sagebrush valleys of the South Fork Shoshone River and North Fork of the Shoshone River. Each spring, an estimated 6,700 deer head west into the high-elevation, mountainous country of the Absaroka Range and then into Yellowstone National Park or Grand Teton National Park. These challenging journeys, an average...
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) within the Sweetwater herd display mostly a latitudinal migration though the seasonal direction varies among individuals in the population. The migration route lays between Long Creek Mountain and Granite Mountain in the north and the Green Mountains in the south. In the spring, the majority of the population will descend from the southern foothills of Granite Mountains and head south to the Green Mountains. Some individuals, however, will move the opposite direction and migrate from south to north. Additionally, movement between the two areas can also occur outside of the typical spring or fall migration. The herd, which numbers around 3,700, primarily winters along the northern...
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) within the Sublette herd comprise one of the largest pronghorn populations in North America. Sublette pronghorn winter in the more southern areas of the upper Green River Basin. Depending upon winter severity, individual pronghorn winter between Pinedale in the north to Rock Springs in the south, and in the western portions of the Red Desert. Winter ranges include a mix of grassland and sagebrush dominated mesas and rolling hills. During migration, animals that have been tracked with GPS collars (n = 362 females) travel an average one-way distance of nearly 60 miles (96 km), with some animals migrating over 200 miles (320 km). This herd is home to the longest distance migrating...
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The Salt Springs herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada predominantly on private property from Tylers Corner south to Sheep Ranch. The summer range is in high-elevation terrain near Lower Bear River Reservoir and Salt Springs Reservoir. The winter range consists of mainly oak woodland habitat and the summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited data. This GPS collaring project was designed as part of a region-wide effort to obtain abundance estimates for deer using fecal DNA and home range analyses, with pinpointing migration routes and identifying winter ranges a secondary priority....
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The Selkirk White-tailed Deer Management Zone (WDMZ) is home to the largest population of white-tailed deer in the state and consists of seven Game Management Units (GMU; GMUs 105, 108, 111, 113, 117, 121, and 124) located in northeast Washington. Aside from the southern portion of GMU 124, dominated by the metropolitan area of Spokane, Washington, most of these GMUs have similar rural characteristics. Private landowners manage most of the Selkirk WDMZ (77 percent), primarily for commercial timber harvest. The U.S. Forest Service manages 16 percent of the land, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, and Bureau of Land Management manage the remaining 7 percent. White-tailed deer...
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With substantial forest habitat in the Sierra Madre, the Sierra Madre elk population is one of the most productive elk herds in the state. The herd occupies typical year-round habitat for elk in Wyoming. They winter largely in expansive sagebrush growing in the foothills and at low elevations in the valley of the Little Snake River and its various drainages. In spring, most animals migrate to higher elevation forested habitat within the Sierra Madre. Like many elk herds, their seasonal migrations tend to be diffuse without a clear delineation of narrowly defined corridors; the average migration length is approximately 25 miles. Some animals migrate farther distances, with a maximum length of 62 miles, south across...
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The South Rock Spring mule deer herd lives year-round in the Greater Little Mountain Ecosystem in southwestern Wyoming, an arid landscape where desert badlands give way to aspen and mountain shrub communities at higher elevations. Approximately 4,000 mule deer occupy this landscape, which is one of the least developed in Wyoming. Likely owing to its aridity and lack of strong elevational gradients and high mountains, mule deer migrations in this herd are less pronounced and less structured than elsewhere in Wyoming. Instead of all animals congregating in a common winter range and following a common narrow corridor to their summer range, mule deer in this herd migrate in a very diverse fashion. Some animals winter...
Mule deer within the Clarks Fork herd make a number of significant westward long-distance migrations. These migrations originate north of Cody, near Heart Mountain and along the foothills of Absaroka Front. There, deer winter in the lower elevation sagebrush valleys, and in spring an estimated 2,700 deer head west into the high elevation mountain valleys of the Absaroka Range and Yellowstone National Park. This herd summers along the Lamar River, Cache Creek, and the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone. The longest migration is 68 miles and ends just north of Yellowstone Lake along the Yellowstone River in the Hayden Valley. These challenging journeys, an average of 38 miles long, cross rugged terrain and steep mountain...
Mule deer in the Platte Valley North population are part of the larger Platte Valley herd unit with an estimated population of 11,000 animals (fig. 28). These mule deer winter in the sagebrush canyons and basins near the Platte River north of Saratoga, Wyoming. Other segments of this population winter in the Chokecherry Knob area, south of Sinclair, and the Dana Ridge area just north of I-80. The migratory patterns of these deer are diverse and vary with each winter range. Deer in this part of the Platte Valley have a noticeably higher proportion of resident animals compared to the Platte Valley South population. For example, half of the mule deer near I-80 are residents. Improving the connectivity of deer migration...
Elk within the Jackson herd have been the focus of management for over a century. The herd, which numbers between 9,000 -13,000, winters in Jackson Hole. Most of the herd winters in the sagebrush basins and irrigated fields of the National Elk Refuge, with less than a quarter of the herd wintering in the Gros Ventre drainage to the east. Migrating animals travel an average one-way distance of 39 miles, with some migrating as far as 168 miles. The herd is partially migratory, containing both migrant and residents. In spring, the migrants move north on either side of Jackson Lake, into the eastern foothills of the Teton Range and into the upper drainages of the Snake River and the southern portion of Yellowstone National...
Mule deer in the Platte Valley South population are part of the larger Platte Valley herd unit with an estimated population of 11,000 animals. These mule deer winter in the sagebrush canyons and basins near the Platte and Encampment Rivers, south of Saratoga, Wyoming (fig. 29). Most of these deer migrate southerly 20–70 mi (32–113 km) to portions of the Sierra Madre, Medicine Bow Mountains, and Park Range in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming. Some of these deer move as far south as Rabbit Ears Range and must negotiate numerous fences, highways, and residential development to complete their migrations. These data provide the location of migration routes for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Platte Valley...
The Ryegrass mule deer population is part of the larger Sublette herd that winters in the northwest portion of the Green River Basin, west of the Green River and north of Cottonwood Creek (fig. 34). In severe winters, these deer may travel southeast to The Mesa, Ross Ridge, or Reardon Draw areas. The Ryegrass region supports approximately 1,500 to 2,000 deer that migrate northwest to summer ranges in the Wyoming Range and Salt River Range. Many of these deer must traverse U.S. Highway 189, where deer-vehicle collisions are problematic. This stretch of highway is a top priority for underpass installation to improve both wildlife permeability and motorist safety. These data provide the location of migration routes...
Mule deer within the South Wind River herd make short- and medium-distance migrations from the foothills near Lander, Wyoming, into the Wind River Range and around its southern flanks (fig. 31). The longest migration in this herd is a 75-mile (121-km) route originating south of Lander near Twin Creek. Deer following this long-distance route traverse the southern edge of the Wind River Range and summer in the mountainous terrain at the head of the Big Sandy River. Some deer make medium-distance migrations, traveling 14–51 mi (23–82 km) northwest of Sweetwater Station to summer range in the northern Great Divide Basin. Meanwhile, other deer in this population make short- and medium-distance migrations of 7–59 mi (11–95...
Mule deer in the northern Wyoming Range population use winter ranges in the area between Big Piney and LaBarge. During spring, these deer generally move northwesterly to high-elevation summer ranges in the Salt River and Wyoming Ranges. Interchange with deer in the Sublette herd unit has been documented, with some individuals migrating northwest into Upper Green River drainages. At least one individual migrated 85 mi (137 km) north and summered north of the town of Jackson. Challenges for Wyoming Range mule deer include energy development on winter ranges, vehicle collisions on U.S. Highway 189 between LaBarge and Big Piney, severe winters leading to high episodic mortality, and disease. These data provide the location...
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Little information exists regarding demographic rates and abundance of elk in the Marble Mountains in California. In the early 1990s and 2000s, elk were reintroduced from Oregon into the Marble Mountain area (CDFW, 2018). Since then, elk have reestablished throughout much of the area, but GPS collar data and information on movement are limited. Current research examines how fire influences elk occupancy in the area. Elk were collared from 2006 to 2013, at sites in the Klamath National Forest and Marble Mountain Wilderness in the north, and close to Cecilville in the Shasta-Trinity National Forest in the south. After collaring, elk were separated into three distinct sub-herds (north: Ukonom, central: Wooley Creek,...
map background search result map search result map Migration Routes of Elk in the Jackson Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Clarks Fork Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Platte Valley North Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Platte Valley South Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Ryegrass Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the South Wind River Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Upper Shoshone Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Wyoming Range North Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Sweetwater Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Pronghorn in Sublette Herd in Wyoming California Elk Marble Mountain Annual Range California Mule Deer Kern River Stopovers California Mule Deer Manache Corridors California Mule Deer Manache Winter Range California Mule Deer Salt Springs Routes California Mule Deer Salt Springs Winter Range Washington Elk Pend Oreille Corridors Washington White-Tailed Deer Selkirk Routes Wyoming Elk Sierra Madre Routes Wyoming Mule Deer South Rock Springs Routes California Mule Deer Manache Winter Range California Mule Deer Salt Springs Winter Range California Mule Deer Salt Springs Routes California Mule Deer Kern River Stopovers California Mule Deer Manache Corridors Wyoming Elk Sierra Madre Routes Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Sweetwater Herd in Wyoming California Elk Marble Mountain Annual Range Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the South Wind River Herd in Wyoming Wyoming Mule Deer South Rock Springs Routes Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Clarks Fork Herd in Wyoming Washington Elk Pend Oreille Corridors Washington White-Tailed Deer Selkirk Routes Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Upper Shoshone Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Elk in the Jackson Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Platte Valley North Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Ryegrass Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Platte Valley South Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Wyoming Range North Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Pronghorn in Sublette Herd in Wyoming