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The East Tehama herd is the largest migratory population of mule deer in California (Hill and Figura, 2020). Population numbers peaked in the 1960s, but have declined in recent decades (Ramsey and others, 1981; California Department of Fish and Wildlife unpublished data). These mule deer migrate from a lower elevation winter range in the foothills east of the Sacramento Valley to upper elevation summer ranges in the southern Cascades and northern Sierra Nevada. Although portions of the herd winter on the California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Tehama Wildlife Area and other public lands, the winter range also comprises many private ranchlands. The herd’s summer range includes significant portions of Lassen...
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The East Tehama herd is the largest migratory population of mule deer in California (Hill and Figura, 2020). Population numbers peaked in the 1960s, but have declined in recent decades (Ramsey and others, 1981; California Department of Fish and Wildlife unpublished data). These mule deer migrate from a lower elevation winter range in the foothills east of the Sacramento Valley to upper elevation summer ranges in the southern Cascades and northern Sierra Nevada. Although portions of the herd winter on the California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Tehama Wildlife Area and other public lands, the winter range also comprises many private ranchlands. The herd’s summer range includes significant portions of Lassen...
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The Manache mule deer herd contains both California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus) and Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis). The herd predominantly covers the east slopes and crest of the Sierra Nevada. Elevation stretches from 3,200 ft on the Owens Valley winter range, to above 11,000 ft on the summer ranges in Sequoia National Park. The Manache herd migrates from winter ranges just west of U.S. Route 395 on the steep slopes and valleys of the Sierra Nevada near Dunmovin and Haiwee east to some of the highest elevations in the continental United States in Inyo and Sequoia National Forests. Deer numbers were very low by 1900, attributed largely to extreme overgrazing by domestic sheep and...
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The Siskiyou mule deer herd migrates from winter ranges primarily north and east of Mount Shasta (i.e., Day Bench, Lake Shastina, Montague, Mount Dome, Mount Hebron, Sheep-Mahogany Mountain, Tionesta, and Wild Horse Mountain) to sprawling summer ranges scattered between the Mount Shasta Wilderness in the west and the Burnt Lava Flow Geological Area in the east. A small percentage of the herd are residents, residing largely within winter ranges across the central and northeast areas of the herd’s annual distribution. The total population size of the Siskiyou herd is unknown, but adult deer densities averaged 6.01 deer per km2 on summer ranges in 2017 and 5.16 deer per km2 on winter ranges in 2019 (Wittmer and others,...
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The Chelan mule deer herd occupies a mix of private and public lands from the Columbia River to the crest of the Cascade Range in central Washington. U.S. Highway 2, northwest of Wenatchee, Washington, serves as the southern boundary for this herd and Lake Chelan bounds the northern edge. The high-use winter range includes the southeastern shore of Lake Chelan, the breaks of the Columbia River, the lower Entiat River drainage, and the foothills east of Cashmere, Washington. In the spring, migratory individuals travel northwest into the Entiat and Chelan Mountains to their summer ranges, such as regional Wilderness areas. A small sample of Chelan mule deer was captured near the Swakane Wildlife Area in January 2020...
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Along the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Chelan and Kittitas counties, the Wenatchee Mountains mule deer herd inhabits a matrix of private and public lands. Historically, the Wenatchee Mountains mule deer were separated into two sub-herds, Chelan and Kittitas; however, recent movement data from GPS-collared individuals associated with Secretarial Order 3362 (Department of the Interior, 2018) revealed that the mule deer south of U.S. Highway 2 and north of Interstate 90 represent one population. Their high-use winter range extends along the foothills west and south of Wenatchee, Washington and throughout the foothills of the Kittitas Valley outside Ellensburg, Washington. The low-use winter range occurs...
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The Selkirk White-tailed Deer Management Zone (WDMZ) is home to the largest population of white-tailed deer in the state and consists of seven Game Management Units (GMU; GMUs 105, 108, 111, 113, 117, 121, and 124) located in northeast Washington. Aside from the southern portion of GMU 124, dominated by the metropolitan area of Spokane, Washington, most of these GMUs have similar rural characteristics. Private landowners manage most of the Selkirk WDMZ (77 percent), primarily for commercial timber harvest. The U.S. Forest Service manages 16 percent of the land, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, and Bureau of Land Management manage the remaining 7 percent. White-tailed deer...
The Mesa mule deer population is part of the larger Sublette herd that winters in the north-central portion of the Green River Basin, east of the Green River and west of U.S. Highway 191 (fig. 32). The Mesa wintering area supports 3,000 to 5,000 deer that migrate northwest to summer ranges in the Wyoming Range, Gros Ventre Range, and Salt River Range. The Mesa winter range, which has been fragmented by a large natural gas field, has experienced 30–40 percent declines in deer abundance since this development began. Mitigating winter range impacts continues to be a challenge for managers. These migratory deer have benefited from six underpasses and two overpasses constructed along U.S. Highway 191 in 2012; the project...
Mule deer in the Atlantic Rim North population are part of the Baggs herd unit that is managed for approximately 19,000 animals. These mule deer winter in the pinyon-juniper and sagebrush badlands near Dad, Wyoming and migrate north and east 10–35 mi (16–56 km) to various summer ranges (fig. 22). Many of these deer must navigate coal-bed methane development that is situated along the migration route between their seasonal ranges. In addition to gas development, portions of their summer range overlap with areas of wind-energy development; roadway mortality remains an issue on Highway 789. These data provide the location of migration routes for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Clarks Fork population in Wyoming....
Mule deer within the Owl Creek/Meeteetse herd make a number of medium- to long-distance migrations west into the Shoshone National Forest. These migrations originate on the sagebrush grasslands just southwest and west of Meeteetse, Wyoming, where this population winters. In spring, an estimated 4,100 deer leave these foothills and travel into the rugged Absaroka mountain range. These journeys, across challenging natural terrain, range an average of 27 miles and include navigating fast moving rivers, such as the Greybull River, and over high mountains passes like Bear Creek and East Fork Pass—the highest at 12,230 feet in elevation. The longest migration is 70 miles to the Dunoir Valley northwest of Dubois. Although...
Elk (Cervus elpahus canadensis) within the southern section of the Absaroka Range display altitudinal migration. In the spring, they migrate from the eastern foothills up into the mountains, and in the fall, they head back down to lower elevations (fig. 69). The herd, which numbers around 2,700, primarily winters along the southeastern foothills of the Absaroka Range just northwest of the Owl Creek Mountains. Winter ranges consist mostly of shrubs, largely supported by private land with smaller areas of BLM land. During migration animals travel an average one-way distance of 22 mi (35 km) ranging from as little as 9 mi (14 km) to as far as 52 mi (84 km). In spring, animals migrate off winter range and head west...
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The Big Lake pronghorn herd resides in the White Mountains of eastern Arizona within Game Management Unit 1. Mid-March, the Big Lake pronghorn migrate, crossing the Little Colorado River approximately four miles north of River Reservoir, to their high-elevation summer range. The summer range consists primarily of high-elevation grasslands and large alpine meadows near Big Lake. Some individuals continue several miles farther south to summer near Middle Mountain. Fall migration occurs in early to mid-October, when the herd moves north to low-elevation grassland habitats west of Eagar, Arizona. The primary threat to this migration corridor is State Route 260, which experiences high traffic volume and requires crossing...
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The Blue Canyon mule deer herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada south of Interstate 80. The winter range includes dense conifer and oak woodland that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of public and private lands. In the spring, the Blue Canyon herd migrates from their winter range eastward along two main paths both north and south of the Forest Hill Divide to higher elevation terrain near Soda Springs and the crest of the Sierra Nevada in the Granite Chief Wilderness. The summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is not well known due to limited surveys, but is considered stable...
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The Bucks Mountain-Mooretown mule deer herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The winter range includes vernal pool grassland, oak woodland, and dense conifer that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of public and private lands. In the spring, the Bucks Mountain-Mooretown herd migrates along the U.S. Highway 70 corridor and high-elevation locations of the Sierra Nevada east and south to higher elevation terrain in the Plumas National Forest east of the Sierra Nevada near Quincy and La Porte, California. The summer range is primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest, and transitioning to a mix of conifer and shrub on the eastern side of the Sierra...
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The Salt Springs herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada predominantly on private property from Tylers Corner south to Sheep Ranch. The summer range is in high-elevation terrain near Lower Bear River Reservoir and Salt Springs Reservoir. The winter range consists of mainly oak woodland habitat and the summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited data. This GPS collaring project was designed as part of a region-wide effort to obtain abundance estimates for deer using fecal DNA and home range analyses, with pinpointing migration routes and identifying winter ranges a secondary priority....
Some of the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the southwestern section of the Wind River Indian Reservation are unique, because their entire migration routes are within Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho lands (fig. 29). In the spring, deer migrate from the foothills of the Wind River Range upslope to the Tribes’ Wind River Roadless Area, or northwest into the Shoshone and Bridger-Teton National Forests or Grand Teton National Park, demonstrating how the reservation is part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The herd, which numbers around 1500, winters entirely within the Reservation, from the western boundary of the Reservation to south of Fort Washakie. Winter habitats consist of upland shrubs, sage, grasses...
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) along the Owl Creek Mountains display both a longitudinal and altitudinal migration as they depart the northern section of the Wind River Indian Reservation (fig. 28). Deer in this trans-boundary migration corridor move from areas under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho, to lands where the Wyoming Game and Fish Department manages wildlife. West of the Reservation, deer migrate to summer ranges in the Absaroka Range, the Mount Leidy Highlands, and the Gros Ventre River watershed, all within the Bridger-Teton and Shoshone National Forests. The herd numbers around 3,000. Arid winter ranges are a mix of shrubs, herbaceous grasslands and riparian...
A significant portion of the interstate Carson River herd summers in the Sierra Nevada range of California and migrates to a winter range near the California-Nevada border. Herd size has declined significantly (>70%) from historical peak levels, likely due to habitat loss and vehicle collisions. A large increase in housing development and traffic along the Highway 395 corridor during the past 20 years has contributed to population declines for this herd. Significant barriers include fencing along Carson River and outlying suburban areas in Carson City, Minden, and Gardnerville, Nevada. These data provide the location of migration routes for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Carson River population in California...
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The Grizzly Flat herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada near Grizzly Flats, California. The winter range includes conifer, vineyards, and oak woodland that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of private and public lands. In the spring, the Grizzly Flat herd migrates east to higher elevation terrain in the El Dorado National Forest, staying south of Interstate 50 and primarily north of U.S. Highway 88, to the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The summer range contains primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. Although the population size of the Grizzly Flat herd is unknown due to limited surveys, it is considered stable to declining,...
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The Pend Oreille elk sub-herd is part of the larger Selkirk elk herd located in northeast Washington on nine Game Management Units (GMU; GMUs 101, 105, 108, 111, 113, 117, 121, 124, and 204). Elk used in this analysis were collared in GMUs 117 and 121 on winter ranges located east and west of the Huckleberry Mountain Range, along the Colville River Valley that splits the two GMUs, and west of the Pend Oreille River. In this area, private landowners manage 77 percent of the land (primarily for timber), the U.S. Forest Service manages 16 percent, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, and Bureau of Land Management manage the remaining 7 percent. Montane conifer forests dominate the...
map background search result map search result map Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Atlantic Rim North Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Mesa Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Owl Creek/Meeteetse Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Elk in Gooseberry Herd in Wyoming Migration routes of Mule Deer in the Carson River Herd in California and Nevada Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Wind River Indian Reservation Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Owl Creek Mountains Herd in Wyoming Arizona Pronghorn Big Lake Corridors California Mule Deer Blue Canyon Routes California Mule Deer Bucks Mountain-Mooretown Winter Range California Mule Deer East Tehama Stopovers California Mule Deer East Tehama Winter Range California Mule Deer Grizzly Flat Stopovers California Mule Deer Manache Stopovers California Mule Deer Salt Springs Corridors California Mule Deer Siskiyou Stopovers Washington Elk Pend Oreille Routes Washington Mule Deer Chelan Stopovers Washington Mule Deer Wenatchee Mountains Routes Washington White-Tailed Deer Selkirk Winter Range California Mule Deer Bucks Mountain-Mooretown Winter Range Arizona Pronghorn Big Lake Corridors California Mule Deer Blue Canyon Routes California Mule Deer Salt Springs Corridors California Mule Deer Grizzly Flat Stopovers California Mule Deer Manache Stopovers California Mule Deer East Tehama Winter Range Migration Routes of Elk in Gooseberry Herd in Wyoming Washington Mule Deer Chelan Stopovers Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Atlantic Rim North Population in Wyoming Migration routes of Mule Deer in the Carson River Herd in California and Nevada Washington Elk Pend Oreille Routes Washington White-Tailed Deer Selkirk Winter Range Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Owl Creek/Meeteetse Herd in Wyoming California Mule Deer East Tehama Stopovers Washington Mule Deer Wenatchee Mountains Routes California Mule Deer Siskiyou Stopovers Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Mesa Population in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Wind River Indian Reservation Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Owl Creek Mountains Herd in Wyoming