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We will develop a set of linked models to help predict the effects of climate change on rivers and endangered species. These will include watershed- and reach-scale models to predict streamflow, water temperatures, and other fish habitat metrics under various climatic scenarios for the reaches used by species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), plus a combined bioenergetics and life-cycle model (to be done by the U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]) to assess the impact of these factors on fish growth, reproduction, and survival. We propose to test the model framework at a site on the Methow River, Washington, to explore additional opportunities for collaboration and model development.
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Conclusions: In fragmented watersheds, macrohabitat attributes measured at the patch scale were far more effective in predicting trout translocation success than measurements taken at the landscape scale Thresholds/Learnings: As a course filter indicator of cutthroat trout translocation success, the study found that translocations have a greater than 50% chance of fruitful establishment in watersheds >14.7km2 in area. Synopsis: This study aimed to identify stream-scale and basin-scale macrohabitat attributes limiting successful translocation and persistence of native cutthroat trout populations in fragmented landscapes along the Rio Grande. The study developed models of habitat attributes measured at two scales...
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This project will look at how climate change has altered hydrologic systems, Pacific salmon habitat, and survival of salmon in the Nooksack River watershed. It will develop an adaptation plan that can be adopted and integrated into management plans.Project Objectives for NPLCC funding:1. Assess climate change impacts on fish and fish biology and inform salmon habitat restoration actions aimed at perpetuating all nine salmonid species in the Nooksack River basin in the face of climate change (partially funded by proposed NPLCC funding).2. Conduct a vulnerability assessment that will ultimately reduce sensitivity, reduce exposure, and increase adaptive capacity of salmon to climate change impacts (partially funded...
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Theory of the evolution of pathogen specialization suggests that a specialist pathogen gains high fitness in one host, but this comes with fitness loss in other hosts. By contrast, a generalist pathogen does not achieve high fitness in any host, but gains ecological fitness by exploiting different hosts, and has higher fitness than specialists in non-specialized hosts. As a result, specialist pathogens are predicted to have greater variation in fitness across hosts, and generalists would have lower fitness variation across hosts. We test these hypotheses by measuring pathogen replicative fitness as within-host viral loads from the onset of infection to the beginning of virus clearance, using the rhabdovirus infectious...
Invasion by nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) often results in replacement of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in the inland western United States, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We conducted a four-year removal experiment to test for population-level mechanisms (i.e., changes in recruitment, survival, emigration, and immigration) promoting invasion success of brook trout and causing decline of native Colorado River cutthroat trout (O. c. pleuriticus). We chose 700–1200 m segments of four small mountain streams where brook trout had recently invaded cutthroat trout populations, two each at mid elevation (2500–2700 m) and high elevation (3150–3250 m), and annually removed...
The Rio Grande cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis, has declined precipitously over the past century, and currently exhibits a highly fragmented distribution within the Canadian, Pecos and Rio Grande river systems of the western United States. The relationships between populations in the three river drainages, and between O. c. virginalis and the closely related taxa O. c. pleuriticus and O. c. stomias, are not well understood. In order to guide management decisions for the subspecies, we investigated the distribution of variation at 12 microsatellite loci and two regions of the mitochondrial genome. We observed a high level of genetic differentiation between O. c. virginalis populations occupying different...
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Streams across the world are highly fragmented due to the presence of in-stream barriers (e.g., dams and stream-road crossings), many of which restrict or block fish passage. Retrofitting or replacing these structures is a high priority for restoring habitat connectivity for native fishes and other aquatic organisms in the Pacific Northwest. The task of restoring habitat connectivity for problematic stream-road crossings is daunting given the many thousands of barriers that are present and the massive financial investments required. Further, the potential risks to road infrastructure from flooding, debris flows, and climate change will need to be addressed to ensure the best allocation of resources. In this study,...
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Conclusions: At small spatial scales, where extirpation risks are high, landscape fragmentation will likely have long-term negative consequences on the genetic variation of individual assemblages of coastal cutthroat trout. Thresholds/Learnings: Synopsis: This study aimed to determine if coastal cutthroat trout were genetically structured within streams and to assess the effects of habitat fragmentation on coastal cutthroat trout genetic variation. Habitat fragmented by roads and other human disturbances acted as dispersal barriers, which strongly influenced coastal cutthroat trout genetic structure, diversity, and differentiation. At range-wide spatial scales, fragmentation potentially contributes to coastal cutthroat...
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Data were collected as part of a long-term capture-recapture program to assess the status and dynamics of populations of two long-lived, federally endangered catostomids in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon and Clear Lake Reservoir, California. Lost River suckers (LRS; Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (SNS; Chasmistes brevirostris) have been captured and tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags during their spawning migrations in each year since 1995. PIT tagged species were encountered in netting efforts, remote transceivers, and active scanning on bird colonies across the Upper Klamath River Basin (predominately Upper Klamath Lake and Clear Lake Reservoir). The data includes detections for endangered...
A paradox of invasion biology is that even though native species are locally adapted to environmental conditions, nonnative species without this advantage often invade. Ecologists have advanced four main theories to explain why invaders are successful in some places and not others: biotic resistance, environmental resistance, human disturbance, and natural enemies. However, none of these theories alone can account for invasions by two trout species outside their native ranges in North America. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are able to displace native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) in the inland western US, but are themselves displaced by nonnative rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in the southeastern US. An...
Salmonids, a group of coldwater-adapted fishes of enormous ecological and socio-economic value, historically inhabited a variety of freshwater habitats throughout the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Over the past century, however, populations have dramatically declined due to habitat loss, overharvest, and invasive species. Consequently, many populations are listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Complicating these stressors is global warming and associated climate change. Overall, aquatic ecosystems across the PNW are predicted to experience increasingly earlier snowmelt in the spring, reduced late spring and summer flows, increased winter flooding, warmer and drier summers, increased...
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Salmonids, a group of coldwater adapted fishes of enormous ecological and socio-economic value, historically inhabited a variety of freshwater habitats throughout the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Over the past century, however, populations have dramatically declined due to habitat loss, overharvest, and invasive species. Consequently, many populations are listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Complicating these stressors is global warming and associated climate change. Overall, aquatic ecosystems across the PNW are predicted to experience increasingly earlier snowmelt in the spring, reduced late spring and summer flows, increased winter flooding, warmer and drier summers, increased...
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This project will look at how climate change has altered hydrologic systems, Pacific salmon habitat, and survival of salmon in the Nooksack River watershed. It will develop an adaptation plan that can be adopted and integrated into management plans.Project Objectives for NPLCC funding:1. Assess climate change impacts on fish and fish biology and inform salmon habitat restoration actions aimed at perpetuating all nine salmonid species in the Nooksack River basin in the face of climate change (partially funded by proposed NPLCC funding).2. Conduct a vulnerability assessment that will ultimately reduce sensitivity, reduce exposure, and increase adaptive capacity of salmon to climate change impacts (partially funded...
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Note: this data release has been superseded by version 3.0, available here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1385SV2 Data were collected as part of a long-term capture-recapture program to assess the status and dynamics of populations of two long-lived, federally endangered catostomids in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon and Clear Lake Reservoir, California. Lost River suckers (LRS; Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (SNS; Chasmistes brevirostris) have been captured and tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags during their spawning migrations in each year since 1995.PIT tagged species were encountered in netting efforts, remote transceivers, and active scanning on bird colonies across the Upper Klamath River...
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DOI, USDA, state fisheries managers, and NGOs are increasingly consumed with the recovery and restoration of native trout and salmon throughout their range. Almost all of the native inland cutthroat species, grayling and bull trout have been proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act, a number are currently listed as �Threatened�, while others are under review. Trout and salmon historically inhabited a variety of freshwater habitats (streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs), but have declined due to habitat degradation, fragmentation, and introductions of nonnative species. As such, the remaining intact populations of native trout, char, and grayling species in the western United States are largely...
map background search result map search result map Evaluating Climate-Induced Runoff and Temperature Change on Stream Habitat Metrics for Endangered or Threatened Fish - BOR Project FY2011 BC Freshwater Atlas Obstructions Predicting Climate Change Impacts on River Ecosystems and Salmonids across the Pacific Northwest The Potential Influence of Changing Climate on the Persistence of Native Salmonids "at Risk" Minimum habitat requirements for establishing translocated cutthroat trout populations. Influences of barriers to movement on within-watershed genetic variation of coastal cutthroat trout Where the Stream Meets the Road: Prioritizing Culvert Replacement for Fish Passage - Thesis Glacier Summary Report 2015 Nooksack Indian Tribe NPLCC Final Progress Reporting Survival and viral load of chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, and steelhead trout exposed to 4 genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) PIT Tags Encountered by Klamath Falls Field Station Equipment in the Upper Klamath Basin 1993-2023 (ver. 2.0, August 2023) PIT Tags Encountered by Klamath Falls Field Station Equipment in the Upper Klamath Basin 1993-2024 (ver. 3.0, April 2024) Survival and viral load of chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, and steelhead trout exposed to 4 genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) Influences of barriers to movement on within-watershed genetic variation of coastal cutthroat trout Glacier Summary Report 2015 Nooksack Indian Tribe NPLCC Final Progress Reporting Evaluating Climate-Induced Runoff and Temperature Change on Stream Habitat Metrics for Endangered or Threatened Fish - BOR Project FY2011 Where the Stream Meets the Road: Prioritizing Culvert Replacement for Fish Passage - Thesis PIT Tags Encountered by Klamath Falls Field Station Equipment in the Upper Klamath Basin 1993-2023 (ver. 2.0, August 2023) PIT Tags Encountered by Klamath Falls Field Station Equipment in the Upper Klamath Basin 1993-2024 (ver. 3.0, April 2024) Minimum habitat requirements for establishing translocated cutthroat trout populations. Predicting Climate Change Impacts on River Ecosystems and Salmonids across the Pacific Northwest BC Freshwater Atlas Obstructions The Potential Influence of Changing Climate on the Persistence of Native Salmonids "at Risk"