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Mass mortality of collector urchins (Tripneustes gratilla) in Hawai`i As grazers, sea urchins are keystone species in tropical marine ecosystems, and their loss can have important ecological ramifications. Die-offs of urchins are frequently described but their causesare often unclear, in part because systematic examinations of animal tissues at gross and microscopic level are not done. In some areas, urchins are being employed to control invasive marine algae. Here we describe the pathology of a mortality event in Tripneustes gratilla in Hawaii where urchins were being translocated to control invasive algae. Although we did not determine the cause of the mortality event, our investigation suggests that animals died from inflammation of the test and epidermal ulceration followed by... Categories: Data; Tags: Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, All tags... biota, echinoderms, epizootic, pathology, translocation, Fewer tags Data on blood cells of the collector urchin, Tripneustes gratilla Echinoderms such as urchins are important in marine ecosystems, particularly as grazers, and unhealthy urchins can have important ecological implications. For instance, unexplained mortalities of Diadema sp. in the Caribbean were followed by algal overgrowth and subsequent collapse of coral reef ecosystems. Unfortunately few tools exist to evaluate echinoderm health making management of mortalities or other health issues problematic. Hematology is often used to assess animal health in many animal groups including invertebrates but is seldom applied to echninoderms. We used a standard gravitometric technique to concentrate fixed ceolomocytes from the collector urchin Tripneustes gratilla onto microscope slides permitting... Categories: Data; Tags: Oahu, Tripneustes gratilla, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, biota, All tags... coelomocytes, echinoderms, electron microscopy, hematology, lectins, light microscopy, Fewer tags Data set on reticuloendotheliosis in Hawaiian birds Only one virus, Avipox, has been documented in wild birds in Hawaii. Here, using immunohistochemistry and PCR, we found that two native threatened Hawaiian geese, one with multicentric histiocytoma and another with toxoplasmosis and one Laysan albatross with avian pox were infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The virus was isolated from one of the geese by cell culture. PCR surveys of other Hawaiian geese with various pathologies, avian pox cases, and pox viral isolates failed to reveal REV suggesting the virus is uncommon, at least in samples examined. The full genome of the Gag, Pol, and Env genes were sequenced for all three infected birds and revealed geographic divergence of the Pol gene suggesting... Categories: Data; Tags: Hawaiian goose, Hawaiian islands, Laysan albatross, National Wildlife Health Center Honolulu Field Station, Pathology, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, biota, immunohistochemistry, molecular virology, retrovirus, Fewer tags Puffer Mortality Data In 2010, a mass mortality of pufferfish in Hawaii was dominated by Arothron hispidus showing aberrant neurological behaviors. Using pathology, toxinology, and field surveys, we implicated a series of novel, polar, marine toxins as a likely cause of this mass mortality. Our findings are striking in that 1) a marine toxin was associated with a kill of a fish species that is, itself, toxic; 2) we provide a plausible mechanism to explain clinical signs of affected fish, and 3) this epizootic likely depleted puffer populations. Whilst our data are compelling, we did not synthesize the toxin de-novo, we were unable to categorically prove that the polar toxins caused mortality or that they were metabolites of an undefined... Categories: Data; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Dereplication, Hawaii, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), pathology, pathology, All tags... tetraodontidae, toxinology, virology, Fewer tags Data on invasive corallimorphs Palmyra Invasive marine species are well documented but options to manage them are limited. At Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (Central North Pacific), native invasive corallimorpharians, Rhodactis howesii, have smothered live native corals since 2007. Laboratory and field trials were conducted evaluating two control methods to remove R. howesii overgrowing the benthos at Palmyra Atoll (Palmyra): 1) toothpaste mixed with chlorine, citric acid, or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and 2) hot water. Paste mixed with NaOH had the most efficacious kill in mesocosm trials and resulted in >90% kill over a 98 m2 area three days after treatment. Hot water at 82C was most effective in mesocosms; in the field hot water was less effective... Categories: Data; Tags: Cnidaria, Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, biota, All tags... control, coral reefs, corallimorpharian, reef ecosystems, Fewer tags