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While this assessment has found that much of the stream habitat in this region is at low or very low risk of degradation, some key fish habitat disturbances, including water withdrawals or diversions and intensity of livestock grazing in watersheds, could not be directly included in this assessment because national datasets of these disturbances and their supporting variables are unavailable. These disturbances are known to have major, negative effects on fish habitats in this region. Their absence from this assessment, along with absences of other disturbances, has likely produced an overestimation of habitat condition (quality) for some water bodies. Despite such absences, impairment to fish habitats was determined...
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The Plains Minnow (Hybognathus placitus) is well adapted to prairie watersheds. It is found in open, shallow river channels of highly turbid rivers and creeks with sandy bottoms, high levels of dissolved solids, and slight to moderate erratic flows, typical of these watersheds. One of many issues affecting the Plains Minnow is that the construction of dams has significantly altered flow regimes in its range. Eliminating flood events has removed the historical cues for spawning and reduced spawning habitat.
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Both Green (Acipenser medirostris) and White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are long-lived species with delayed and intermittent spawning that require large amounts of connected habitat to complete their life cycle. Both species use inshore marine and estuarine habitat along with rivers for juvenile and adult habitat and require clean substrates in rivers to successfully spawn. Hydropower dams are barriers to movements of these species in Pacific rivers and have negatively affected spawning success by creating unstable daily water flow patterns through peaking power operations as has been documented in other sturgeon species. For example, the fragmentation of the Columbia River by dams has created 17 land-locked...
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The Pahrump Poolfish (Empetrichthys latos) is an endangered endemic springfish and is the only remaining species in its genus, Empetrichthys. Originally occurring only in a large spring in southern Nevada, its entire historic habitat was lost in the 1960s due to excessive groundwater pumping, which desiccated the spring system. This species now exists in several refuge habitats in southern and central Nevada, as efforts to restore its original habitat have thus far been unsuccessful.
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The Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) has declined across its entire range due largely to loss of breeding habitat and overharvest, with much of it as illegal harvesting for caviar. Although conservation efforts have stabilized this species in the Central Mississippi States, a continued decline is expected due to overharvest, introduced species (particularly Asian Carp), and pollution. Other threats include channelization and dam construction that have blocked seasonal migration to suitable spawning sites which isolates individual populations and lead to breeding issues. Some characteristics of its life history, such as length of time to reach sexual maturity, make it susceptible to decline and slow to recover.
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Partnerships - Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership and Atlantic Coastal Fish Habitat Partnership Both the Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership (SARP) and Atlantic Coastal Fish Habitat Partnership (ACFHP) supported marsh restoration/living shoreline projects on the Tolomato River in the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR) near St. Augustine, Florida. These projects are located on the southern portion of the Guana Peninsula and are creating a contiguous swath of restored marsh that is: improving and enhancing fish habitat; preventing shoreline erosion; and fostering opportunities for community stewardship and involvement that will provide benefits for years to come. The...
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A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface cover Population density Low intensity urban land use Road length density Downstream dam density Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Impervious surface cover Low intensity urban land use Population density Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Upstream dam density Pasture and hay land use Population...
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A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales ranked highest first): Crop land use Population density Pasture and hay land use Road crossing density Low intensity land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Crop land use Population density Low intensity urban land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Pasture and hay land use Population density Crop land use Top five most pervasive...
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In the 1990s, urban land in Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana increased by about 10 percent. Currently, Ohio and Illinois are among the 10 most populous states in the nation, while Indiana is 16th. Over 31 million people live in these three states. Large cities such as Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Cleveland, as well as the suburban sprawl throughout the region, have created large areas of impervious surfaces and urban pollution near the rivers and lakes. These factors are known to degrade fish habitat by changing water flow (hydrology) and by adding excessive amounts of nutrients, pollutants and sediment into the waters in this region.
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Partnerships - Atlantic Coastal Fish Habitat Partnership and Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture The Upper Patten Stream Watershed near Surry, Maine historically supported a thriving commercial Alewife fishery and was used by many other anadromous fish species including Blueback Herring, American Eel, sea-run Brook Trout, and Atlantic Salmon. The Route 172 road crossing caused a four-foot drop without a jumping pool, creating a significant fish movement barrier. The road was the only barrier between Patten Bay and the upper drainage, located just upstream of the estuary. Patten Stream's Alewives were nearly eliminated, surviving mainly due to volunteers who carried fish over the barrier in nets so they may reach...
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The Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), the smallest of the three sturgeon species that occur in the eastern United States, requires clean rock or rubble above the head of tide for spawning. It has suffered from the construction of dams in the region. This species migrates upriver from lower reaches of river systems or from upper estuary areas to spawn, but has been blocked from reaching spawning areas by dams. Other spawning habitat has been impaired by water flow changes from water withdrawals and dam operations, particularly peaking power operations. Sturgeon species, in general, are very sensitive to changes from the natural water flow conditions.
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Northern Plains States Fish Habitat Partnerships’ 2010 - 2015 Actions to Make a Difference Partnerships - Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Great Lakes Basin Fish Habitat Partnership, Midwest Glacial Lakes Partnership, and Fishers and Farmers Partnership Provided funding for restoration of 2,825 feet of shoreline habitat, 932 feet of wetlands, and 2.5 acres of cove habitat in Custer County, Nebraska. Partners installed 25 rock piles, 26 tree reefs, and 26 shoals. Removed 58,810 cubic yards of bottom sediments from Arnold Lake, Nebraska. For more about specific waters and projects the Northern Plains States Fish Habitat Partnerships are working on, please see the following locations: New Life for Aging...
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A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface cover Total anthropogenic sediment yield Upstream dam density Industrial water withdrawal High intensity urban land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Total anthropogenic (human caused) sediment yield Impervious surface cover Industrial water withdrawal Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Road...
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The Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) is a Federally listed endangered species found in shallow waters of rare desert springs, small streams, and marshes. The typical habitat includes clear water with aquatic plants or algae. These are difficult habitats for fish as they have high salinity water, high water temperatures, and low oxygen concentrations. Decline of the Desert Pupfish has been associated with dam construction, water diversions, groundwater pumping, pesticide drift, and encroachment of non-native vegetation such as Tamarix, also known as Salt Cedar. Salt Cedar can alter riparian habitats and the subsequent shading and roots can alter aquatic habitats.
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Major population centers exist on most of the islands, particularly on O’ahu which has a densely populated urban core. Urban sprawl increased by 76,000 acres from 1982 to 2012, which equals about two percent of Hawaii’s land mass. Urbanization results in physical loss of aquatic habitat as well as polluted runoff and altered hydrology. The Hawaiian Department of Health in 2015 listed sediment, nutrients, and bacteria as the most common threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health and that the vast majority of impaired sites are marine areas. Development contributes excessive sedimentation through improperly constructed roads and drainage systems, poor construction practices, and to nutrient loading through landscape...
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A.Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface Road crossing density Road length density Downstream dam density Crop land use Top five most pervasive disturbances, specific to spatial scale: Road crossing density in network catchments Road length density in network catchments Impervious surface cover in network catchments Downstream dam density in network catchments Impervious surface cover in network buffers In the Mountain state group, 76.6% of streams are classified as low or very low...
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Wheat and corn are the two most commonly grown crops in Kansas and Oklahoma and zones with a high risk of habitat degradation in eastern Kansas and Oklahoma correspond to areas of these and other row crops. Texas grew 6.2 million acres of cotton in 2014-15 predominately in the panhandle region, which was projected to be at high risk of fish habitat deterioration. Nutrient runoff from crop fields from all southern plains states not only affects local streams but eventually ends up in estuaries and the Gulf of Mexico. This high-nutrient runoff contributes to a low oxygen dead zone which annually averages over 5,000 square miles in size in the northern Gulf of Mexico and causes fish kills.
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Assessment Results for Rivers and Streams of the Southwestern States A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Road crossing density Road length density Impervious surface Downstream dam density Population density Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Road crossing density Road length density Impervious surface Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Road crossing...
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The northeast is one of the most urbanized areas in the country, with a high percentage of impervious surfaces in some of its watersheds. These impervious surfaces alter the water flow (hydrology) of streams and increase sedimentation, nutrient loading, and pollution in rivers, lakes, and bays. Urbanization also results in the direct loss of fish habitat as wetlands are filled, streams diverted, and channels dredged. The effects of urbanization are apparent in the greater New York City area, Boston, Westchester-Springfield, Providence, and Buffalo-Rochester. However, increasing suburban sprawl also has a significant negative affect on aquatic habitats. From 1982 to 2012, developed land increased by almost three...
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The Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) has suffered from habitat loss and fragmentation caused by dredging for navigation, peaking hydropower projects, and dam construction. This species requires clean hard substrate with stable daily flows for spawning, and needs connected river reaches for long-distance spawning migrations. Both of these needs have been disrupted by human activities in their range. This fish has disappeared from about 85 percent of its historic range in the Alabama and Tombigbee River systems. The Alabama Sturgeon was placed on the endangered species list in 2000.
map background search result map search result map Habitat Trouble for Green and White Sturgeon in Pacific Coast States Fish Habitat Partnerships Making a Difference in Patten Stream Fish Passageway, Maine Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Mountain States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Southern Plains States Eastern Gulf of Mexico States - Tolomato River Coastal Restoration Project, Florida Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Upper Midwest States Description of Urban Land Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Habitat Trouble for Shortnose Sturgeon in Northeastern States Habitat Trouble for Paddlefish in Central Mississippi River States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Southwestern States Habitat Trouble for Plains Minnow in Mountain States Description of Urban Land Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Northeastern States Habitat Trouble for Alabama Sturgeon in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Habitat Trouble for Pahrump Poolfish in Southwestern States Description of Urban Land Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Hawaii Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Southeast Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for Desert Pupfish in Southwestern States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Pacific Coast States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Northern Plains States Summary of Scientific Findings for Southern Plains States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Southeast Atlantic States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Northern Plains States Fish Habitat Partnerships Making a Difference in Patten Stream Fish Passageway, Maine Habitat Trouble for Shortnose Sturgeon in Northeastern States Description of Urban Land Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Northeastern States Description of Urban Land Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Habitat Trouble for Paddlefish in Central Mississippi River States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Upper Midwest States Eastern Gulf of Mexico States - Tolomato River Coastal Restoration Project, Florida Habitat Trouble for Alabama Sturgeon in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Habitat Trouble for Green and White Sturgeon in Pacific Coast States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Pacific Coast States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Southwestern States Habitat Trouble for Pahrump Poolfish in Southwestern States Habitat Trouble for Desert Pupfish in Southwestern States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Mountain States Habitat Trouble for Plains Minnow in Mountain States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Southern Plains States Summary of Scientific Findings for Southern Plains States Description of Urban Land Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Hawaii