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Seasonal Blue Water Evapotranspiration 1986 – 2020 for the Croplands in the High Plains Aquifer Region Estimation of irrigation water use provides essential information for the management and conservation of agricultural water resources. The blue water evapotranspiration (BWET) raster dataset at 30-meter resolution is created to estimate agricultural irrigation water consumption. The dataset contains seasonal total (1 May to 30 September) BWET time series (1986 – 2020) for the croplands across the U.S. High Plains aquifer region. The BWET estimates are generated by integrating an energy-balance ET model (Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance model) and a water-balance ET model (Vegetation ET model). BWET in croplands reflects crop consumptive use of irrigation water extracted from surface water and groundwater... Tags: Colorado, High Plains aquifer, Hydrology, Kansas, Nebraska, All tags... New Mexico, Oklahoma, Remote Sensing, South Dakota, Texas, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Resources, Wyoming, blue water, evapotranspiration, irrigation, remote sensing, water use, Fewer tags Long-Term (1986–2015) Crop Water Use Characterization over the Upper Rio Grande Basin of United States and Mexico Using Landsat-Based Evapotranspiration The evaluation of historical water use in the Upper Rio Grande Basin (URGB), United States and Mexico, using Landsat-derived actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 1986 to 2015 is presented here as the first study of its kind to apply satellite observations to quantify long-term, basin-wide crop consumptive use in a large basin. The rich archive of Landsat imagery combined with the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model was used to estimate and map ETa across the basin and over irrigated fields for historical characterization of water-use dynamics. Monthly ETa estimates were evaluated using six eddy-covariance (EC) flux towers showing strong correspondence (r2 > 0.80) with reasonable error rates... Categories: Publication; Types: Document; Tags: Landsat, New Mexico, SSEBop model, Upper Rio Grande Basin, actual evapotranspiration, All tags... land remote sensing, water-use trends, Fewer tags Global gray-sky dT: the inverse of the surface psychrometric constant parameter in the SSEBop evapotranspiration model The surface psychrometric constant (spc) is a key model parameter in actual evapotranspiration modeling using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model for establishing model boundary limits for the dry/bare and wet/vegetated surface conditions. The inverse of the constant (1/spc) represents the temperature difference (dT) between the bare/dry surface and the air temperature at the canopy level. The main output of the SSEBop model is an ET fraction (0-1) and, when combined with reference (“maximum”) ET, produces an actual ET estimate from satellite-observed land surface temperature. This dT is determined using net radiation inputs under gray-sky radiations from the ERA-5 datasets, i.e., Surface... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: ET modeling, Global, Hydrology, Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), All tags... input parameter for SSEBop model, net radiation, psychrometric constant, Fewer tags Vegetation and Water Monitoring Datasets for selected locations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands from 2017-2022 The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a sovereign Small Island State in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. RMI is a nation of more than thirty atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) over 2 million square kilometers. This data release contains raster datasets for vegetation and water monitoring including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Landscape Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (L-WRSI), and Soil Moisture Index (SMI) for selected locations and precipitation (dekadal (10-day) sum) for the entire RMI from 2017-2022. These data were compiled to support a 2022-2023 U.S. Geological Survey project for developing methods to apply... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Ailinglaplap Atoll, Ebon Atoll, Geography, Hydrology, Land Use Change, All tags... Mejit Island, Mili Atoll, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Remote Sensing, Republic of Marshall Islands, Soil moisture index, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Vegetation health, Water Requirement Satisfaction Index, Water Resources, Water use, Wotho Atoll, Wotje Atoll, precipitation (atmospheric), Fewer tags Publications Categories: Publication Monthly Satellite-Estimated Precipitation Reports for the Republic of the Marshall Islands (ver. 2.0, February 2024) The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a nation of more than thirty low-lying atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) over 770,000 square miles in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. Monitoring environmental conditions for potential drought risk is challenging in such a dispersed Island nation, and current drought hazard products provide generalities regarding conditions on a broad geographic scale. A team of USGS scientists and managers of natural resources and natural hazards in the RMI used IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM) satellite estimates of precipitation to develop content and a template for timely monthly reporting... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Ailinglaplap Atoll, Ailuk Atoll, Arno Atoll, Aur Atoll, Ebon Atoll, All tags... Enewetak Atoll, IMERG, Jabat Island, Jaluit Atoll, Kili Island, Kwajalein Atoll, Lae Atoll, Lib Island, Likiep Atoll, Majuro Atoll, Maloelap Atoll, Mejit Island, Mili Atoll, Namdrik Atoll, Namu Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Ujae Atoll, Utirik Atoll, Wotho Atoll, Wotje Atoll, precipitation, rainfall index, Fewer tags Dynamics of Green and Blue Water Supply Stress Index Across Major Global Cropland Basins Global food and water insecurity could be serious problems in the upcoming decades with growing demands from the increasing global population and more frequent effect of climatic extremes. As the available water resources are diminishing and facing continuous stress, it is crucial to monitor water demand and water availability to understand the associated water stresses. This study assessed the water stress by applying the water supply stress index (WaSSI) in relation to green (WaSSIG) and blue (WaSSIB) water resources across six major cropland basins including the Mississippi (North America), San Francisco (South America), Nile (Africa), Danube (Europe), Ganges-Brahmaputra (Asia), and Murray-Darling (Australia)... Satellite precipitation estimates for selected locations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (ver. 2.0, February 2024) The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a sovereign Small Island State in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. RMI is a nation of more than thirty atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) over 2 million square kilometers. This data release contains files of daily precipitation estimates beginning in 2001 for 23 inhabited sites in the RMI derived from Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG; https://gpm.nasa.gov/data/imerg). The files contain either "Late IMERG" data or "Final IMERG" data and are in millimeter per day. These data were compiled to support a 2022-2023 U.S. Geological Survey project to develop methods to apply Earth Observation... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Ailinglaplap Atoll, Ailuk Atoll, Arno Atoll, Aur Atoll, Ebon Atoll, All tags... Enewetak Atoll, Hydrology, IMERG, Jabat Island, Jaluit Atoll, Kili Island, Kwajalein Atoll, Lae Atoll, Land Use Change, Lib Island, Likiep Atoll, Majuro Atoll, Maloelap Atoll, Mejit Island, Mili Atoll, Namdrik Atoll, Namu Atoll, Remote Sensing, Republic of Marshall Islands, Republic of Marshall Islands, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Ujae Atoll, Utirik Atoll, Water Resources, Wotho Atoll, Wotje Atoll, daily, geoscientificInformation, oceans, precipitation, Fewer tags Hydrologic gridded runoff and routed discharge data for Africa from 2000-2021 This dataset, VegDischarge v1, represents a significant contribution to the understanding of hydrological dynamics across Africa from 2000 to 2021. It encompasses high-resolution (1km x 1km) monthly raster data of deep drainage, surface runoff, and total runoff, derived from the VegET (VegetationEvapoTranspiration) hydrological model (Senay et al., 2023). Additionally, routed discharge data (Mizukami et al., 2021) for over 63,000 river segments is provided, employing different routing algorithms (DW, KW, KWT, MC, and IRF) to demonstrate variability in river discharge patterns. This comprehensive dataset is stored in NetCDF and Shapefile formats, offering valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers... Categories: Data; Types: Data, Downloadable, Map Service, NetCDF OPeNDAP Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service, Shapefile; Tags: Africa, Hydrology, Land Use Change, Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), All tags... VegET model, VegHydro Model, deep drainage, discharge, geoscientificInformation, inlandWaters, raster data, routed discharge data, runoff, surface runoff, Fewer tags VegET v2.0 illustrative products and evaluation The agro-hydrologic VegET (VegetationEvapotranspiration) model uses a water balance approach to simulate daily soil moisture (SM), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff (R). We enhanced the model to include snow accumulation and melt processes along with the separation of runoff into surface runoff and deep drainage and implemented the code using cloud technology. This publication is providing the supporting data for the updated methods and provides evaluation results for the United States and the Greater Horn of Africa. Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable; Tags: CONUS, Evapotranspiration, Greater Horn of Africa, Hydrology, Land Use Change, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), VegET Model, Water Resources, drought monitoring, land surface phenology, modeling, remote sensing, runoff, snow, soil moisture, water budget, Fewer tags VegET Version 2.0 code release Categories: Software; Types: Downloadable; Tags: Code release, Evaportranspiration, Runoff, Veg ET model Evapotranspiration and Water Use Mapping Water management starts with the understanding of the spaciotemporal distribution of the available water, uses, and losses. A planet with limited water resources needs accurate, reliable and frequently-updated data and tools to assess and monitor historical and current uses and plan for future needs. Scientists at EROS harness massive amounts of satellite and global weather datasets and integrate them with agro-hydroloic models to create multi-scale products for use by resource managers and researchers across the world for improved decision making and scenario building in water, agriculture, and natural resources. Agro-hydrologic research focuses on hydrologic processes between 2-m below and 2-m above the ground... Tags: Africa, Core Science Systems, Data and Information Assets, EROS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (eVIIRS), Evapotranspiration, All tags... Geospatial Applications, Global, LANDSAT, USA, Water Use and Availability Science, Water use, Water, Coasts and Ice, Fewer tags Republic of Marshall Islands Precipitation and Vegetation Monitoring The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a sovereign Small Island State in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. RMI is a nation of more than thirty low-lying atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an EEZ over 2 million square kilometers. Multiple hazards such as coastal flooding, wave overwash, and drought threaten freshwater and food security of the communities. In the atolls, vegetation consists of agroforest, coconut plantation, and coastal species. Because islands/ islets are small and low-lying, all vegetation is vulnerable to the hazards. Current drought hazard products provide generalities regarding conditions on a broad geographic scale, but do not consider exposure of... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2022, CASC, National CASC Forcing and Normalizing Operation (FANO) method for the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) ET model We developed an improved approach to the parameterization of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model using the Forcing and Normalizing Operation (FANO). The FANO parameterization was implemented on two computing platforms using Landsat and gridded meteorological datasets: 1) Google Earth Engine (GEE) and 2) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Science Processing Architecture (ESPA). Evaluation was conducted by comparing modeled actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimates with AmeriFlux Eddy Covariance (EC) and water balance ETa from level-8 Hydrologic Unit Code sub-basins in the conterminous United States for five water-years (Oct-Sep; 2009, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018). The results... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: CONUS, Consumptive Use, Evapotranspiration, Hydrology, Landsat, All tags... Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Resources, Water Use, Fewer tags High Resolution Daily Global Alfalfa-Reference Potential Evapotranspiration Climatology Global alfalfa-reference potential evapotranspiration (ETr) is a key model parameter in actual evapotranspiration (ETa) modeling for worldwide applications. This dataset was constructed for use with the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model as a key driver of the final ETa magnitude. SSEBop is a parametric energy balance-based model that determines actual ET as the product of two independent estimates: 1) the SSEBop modeled ET fraction (ETf), an index nominally varying between 0 and 1 and derived from observed Landsat surface temperature using satellite psychrometry, and 2) the potential ET (maximum) under environmental conditions for an alfalfa crop (in millimeters). As SSEBop ETf can now... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climatology, ET modeling, Global, Hydrology, Reference Evapotranspiration, All tags... Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Resources, evaporation, input parameter for SSEBop model, potential evapotranspiration, transpiration, Fewer tags Evaluating the Temperature Difference Parameter in the SSEBop Model with Satellite-Observed Land Surface Temperature Data The Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model uses the principle of satellite psychrometry to produce spatially explicit actual evapotranspiration (ETa) with remotely sensed and weather data. The temperature difference (dT) in the model is a predefined parameter quantifying the difference between surface temperature at bare soil and air temperature at canopy level. Because dT is derived from the average-sky net radiation based primarily on climate data, validation of the dT estimation is critical for assuring a high-quality ETa product. We used the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to evaluate the SSEBop dT estimation for the conterminous United States. MODIS data (2008–2017)... Categories: Publication; Types: Document; Tags: SSEBop ET, dT, land surface temperature, temperature difference Bias estimation for seven precipitation datasets for the eastern MENA region Information on the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall is critical for addressing water-related disasters, especially in the Middle East and North Africa's (MENA) arid to semi-arid regions. However, the availability of reliable rainfall datasets for most river basins is limited. In this study, we utilized observations from satellite-based rainfall data, in situ rain gauge observations, and rainfall climatology to determine the most suitable precipitation dataset in the MENA region. First, we evaluated seven different rainfall products (CPC, GPCC, TRMM, PERSIANN, RFE, CHIRPS, MSWEP) using rain gauge observations obtained from Jordan (139 stations), Palestine (9 stations), and Lebanon (16 stations). The validation... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Jordan, Lebanon, MENA, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), bias estimation, All tags... evaluation, none, precipitation, Fewer tags