Skip to main content
Advanced Search

Filters: partyWithName: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase (X) > partyWithName: Shaul Hurwitz (X)

32 results (10ms)   

View Results as: JSON ATOM CSV
thumbnail
The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, seventeen samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for volatile element compositions via x-ray fluorescence...
thumbnail
Note: No formal accuracy tests were conducted and these data are disseminated to allow discussion related to methods. Sample Analyses: Samples were processed at both the USGS in Menlo Park, CA, and at UC Berkeley following established methodology for separating organic material from sinter (Howald et al., 2014; Lowenstern et al., 2016; Slagter et al., 2019). First, the exterior surface of each sample was removed using a rock saw, and then any further material was removed if there was any visible algal material in the interior of the sample. Second, samples underwent a series of chemical baths. Samples were crushed and soaked in 30% hydrogen peroxide for 48 hours to remove any remaining modern algae. Once cleaned,...
thumbnail
Sample Analyses: Thin sections made at UC Berkeley were brought to the USGS, Menlo Park, CA and were coated with 25 nm carbon. Samples were analyzed at the USGS in Menlo Park, CA in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 50 mm2 X-MaxN energy dispersive spectrometer. Thin sections were imaged with backscatter electrons. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and images were collected with an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a working distance of 15 mm. Database Contents: The data files for “Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data” contain representative element spectra analyses of samples UGB-TD-28, -30, -31, -32, -33, -36.
thumbnail
There are over 10,000 hydrothermal features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), where waters have pH values ranging from about 1 to 10 and surface temperatures up to 95 °C. Active geothermal areas in YNP provide insight into a variety of processes occurring at depth, such as water-rock and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, the formation of alteration minerals, and microbial (thermophile) metabolism in extreme environments. Investigations into the water chemistry of YNP hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, streams, and rivers have been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other earth-science organizations and academic institutions since 1888 (Gooch and Whitfield, 1888). More recently, USGS...
thumbnail
The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, twenty-one samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations and...
thumbnail
The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, seventeen samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for strontium isotopic composition. Analyzed samples...
Categories: Data; Tags: Sr isotopes, Yellowstone
thumbnail
Sulphur Banks, near the summit of Kīlauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai`i, is a thermal area where volcanic gases and steam are discharged. A research well drilled in the 1920s at Sulphur Banks (Allen, 1922) has developed into a “fumarole” that has been used for gas sampling over the years (e.g., Friedman and Reimer, 1987; Hilton and McMurtry, 1997; Shinohara and others, 1999), but has not been subject to periodic monitoring. Following the 2018 Kilauea eruption, draining of the lava lake, and cessation of activity at the summit (Neal and others, 2019), Sulphur Banks represents a continuing window into the outgassing dynamics at Kīlauea’s summit. Gas samples were collected at Sulphur Banks periodically since March...
thumbnail
Yellowstone National Park (YNP; Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, USA) contains more than 10,000 hydrothermal features, several lakes, and four major watersheds. For more than 140 years, researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey and other scientific institutions have investigated the chemical compositions of hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, streams, rivers, and lakes in YNP and surrounding areas. Water chemistry studies have revealed a range of compositions including waters with pH values ranging from about 1 to 10, surface temperatures from ambient to superheated values of 95°C, and elevated concentrations of silica, lithium, boron, fluoride, mercury, and arsenic. Hydrogeochemical data from YNP research have...
thumbnail
Following the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano (Neal et al, 2019) and the subsequent collapse of the Halema’uma’u crater, groundwater gradually seeped into the newly-deepened crater (Nadeau and others, 2020). Water was first observed in the crater on 7/26/2019, and the water level increased over time until 12/20/2020, when the crater again filled with lava, vaporizing the lake. In the intervening time, three sets of water samples were collected by unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) and analyzed for water chemistry, water isotopes, and sulfur isotopes. The solids filtered from the collected water samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM, as well as digested and analyzed for their chemical composition. Additionally, two...
thumbnail
In the past century, eruptions of Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone’s Norris Geyser Basin were mainly clustered in three episodes: between 1961 and 1969, between 1982 and 1984, and in a sequence of eruptions that began in 2018 (Reed et al., 2021) and resulted in extensive damage to, and mortality of the surrounding trees. To characterize tree response to geyser activity over time, and the response of geyser activity to climate variability, aerial and ground imagery were analyzed to document changes in tree coverage around the geyser since 1954. Twenty samples of silicified tree remnants were collected from near the geyser vent for radiocarbon (14C) dating to determine if trees grew during periods when the geyser was...
thumbnail
Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood was performed at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Radiocarbon Laboratory in Denver, Colorado. All samples were chemically treated using the standard acid-base-acid (ABA) procedure before being combusted online in the presence of excess high-purity oxygen. Water and other contaminant gases were removed using cryogenic separation techniques, and the resulting purified CO2 gas was measured manometrically and converted to graphite using an iron catalyst and hydrogen reduction (Vogel et al., 1984). Graphite targets were then submitted for accelerator mass spectrometry 14C analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. All...
thumbnail
Sample Analyses: Samples were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations of the unreacted and reacted sinter using a Thermo ARL Perform’X X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer at the Hamilton Analytical Laboratory at Hamilton College, New York, following protocols described in Johnson et al. (1999). One-part powdered sample is mixed with 2 parts Li-tetraborate flux and fused at 1000 °C in graphite crucibles. The cooled wavelength dispersive XRF (WDXRF) pellets are re-ground to powder and re-fused at the same temperature. Flat analytical surfaces are ground on steel-backed diamond laps. XRF determinations of 44 element concentrations are calibrated with approximately 70 reference materials. Net peak intensities...
thumbnail
Active thermal areas in Yellowstone National Park provide insight into a variety of hydrothermal processes occurring at depth, such as water-rock interactions, the formation of alteration minerals, and microbial (thermophile) metabolism in extreme environments. Research drill hole Y-7 (44°29'8.74", -110°51'7.67") is one of 13 holes completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1967 and 1968 at selected sites in hot spring and geyser areas of the park (White and others, 1975). The holes were drilled with a goal of obtaining physical and chemical data on the shallow part of the hydrothermal system. Drill hole Y-7 is located at the northern end of the Biscuit Basin parking lot, in the northern part of the Upper Geyser...
thumbnail
Historical water and gas chemistry data from geothermal areas are important for detecting long-term patterns, informing geothermal energy exploration, development, and use, and for contextualizing more recent data. The U.S. Geological survey has published water and gas chemistry data from geothermal areas in the western United States, which is primarily available as scanned PDF files. This makes the data difficult to access or include in large-scale data analysis. This data release provides digitized and reformatted data from 20 previously published U.S. Geological Survey Open-File reports and journal articles, representing 1867 water chemistry samples and 313 gas chemistry samples. All data have been standardized...
thumbnail
Kīlauea, on the Island of Hawai`i is one of the world’s most active volcanoes and it hosts one of the densest volcano monitoring networks. A deep well on the southwest rim of Kilauea’s caldera, often referred to informally as the “NSF Well” or the “Keller Well” was drilled in 1973 to a depth of 1,262 meters from an elevation of 1,103 meters. The ultimate goal of the drilling project was to “test predictions made from surface-based geophysical surveys and seek evidence of a hydrothermal system over a known magma body” (Zablocki et al., 1974; Keller et al., 1979). Following drilling the open hole filled up with drilling mud and in October 1998 the hole was cleared of the mud using a large pump to a depth of about...
thumbnail
The radiogenic isotope ratios of strontium (Sr) and uranium (U), specifically 87Sr/86Sr and 234U/238U, are useful tracers of water-rock interactions. Sr isotopic compositions in groundwater are mostly controlled by dissolution or exchange with Sr contained in aquifer rocks whereas the U isotopic compositions are more controlled by chemical and kinetic processes during groundwater flow. Insights into groundwater circulation patterns through the shallow subsurface at Yellowstone National Park can be aided by investigations of these isotopes. This data release contains tables with new isotope data consisting of concentrations (Sr, U) and radiogenic-isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U) for water samples from...
thumbnail
Sample Analysis: Cation concentration data was obtained as a part of the beryllium isotope analyses. Samples collected from the Upper Geyser Basin were first treated in clean laboratory facilities at the University of New Hampshire following the methods laid out in the “Beryllium Isotope Data” portion of this data release. Following the hydrofluoric acid (HF) etches, and prior to Accelerated Mass Spectroscopy (AMS) analyses of 10Be, opal purity was assessed by measurement of major cation concentrations via inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using a Perkin Elmer Optima 3300DV at the Analytical and Technical Services lab at SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse,...
thumbnail
The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, twenty-one samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin Member and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations...
thumbnail
Sample Analyses: Thin sections made at UC Berkeley were brought to the USGS, Menlo Park, CA and were coated with 25 nm carbon. Samples were analyzed at the USGS in Menlo Park, CA in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 50 mm2 X-MaxN energy dispersive spectrometer. Thin sections were imaged with backscatter electrons. Database Contents: The data files for “SEM Images of Sinter Thin Sections” contain representative SEM images of thin sections of samples UGB-TD-24, -27, -28, -29, -31, -32.
thumbnail
Silicified wood samples were vacuum impregnated with epoxy, sectioned, and sputter coated with 10 nm Au/Pd at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. Samples were imaged in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 150 mm2 X-MaxN large area energy dispersive spectrometer at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. Backscatter (BSE) images were collected with an accelerating voltage (HV) of 30 kV and a working distance (WD) of ~15 mm. Magnification is indicated on individual images. The data files for Scanning Electron Microsocopy (SEM) contain representative SEM-BSE images of samples OFL101 and OFL103-2. This research was conducted under Yellowstone Research Permit YELL-SCI-8030.
map background search result map search result map Water level, temperature and chemistry in a deep well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i d. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Data Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data SEM Images of Sinter Thin Sections a. Carbon Isotope Data f. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Data Radiocarbon Dating Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Gas chemistry and isotope compositions at Sulphur Banks, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i Chemical and isotopic composition of gas, water, and solids from the 2019-2020 water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Elemental and Strontium Isotopic Composition of Select Central Plateau and Upper Basin Member Rhyolites, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field a) Strontium Isotope Data d) XRF Volatile Element Data e) ICP-MS and ICP-OES Major and Trace Element Data Sr and U concentrations and radiogenic isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U) of thermal waters, streamflow, travertine, and rock samples along with U-Th disequilibrium ages for travertine deposits from various locations in Yellowstone National Park, USA Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood from around Steamboat Geyser in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, 2021-2022 Water and gas chemistry data from wells and hot springs in the Western USA, 1930 – 2006 Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021 Data from temperature measurements in research drill hole Y-7, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park Water level, temperature and chemistry in a deep well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i Radiocarbon Dating Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Chemical and isotopic composition of gas, water, and solids from the 2019-2020 water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Data from temperature measurements in research drill hole Y-7, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park d. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Data Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data SEM Images of Sinter Thin Sections a. Carbon Isotope Data f. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Data Sr and U concentrations and radiogenic isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U) of thermal waters, streamflow, travertine, and rock samples along with U-Th disequilibrium ages for travertine deposits from various locations in Yellowstone National Park, USA Elemental and Strontium Isotopic Composition of Select Central Plateau and Upper Basin Member Rhyolites, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field a) Strontium Isotope Data d) XRF Volatile Element Data e) ICP-MS and ICP-OES Major and Trace Element Data Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021 Water and gas chemistry data from wells and hot springs in the Western USA, 1930 – 2006