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Approximately 90 percent of the drinking water for the Washington, D.C. area comes from the Potomac River. An average of approximately 486 million gallons (1.8 million cubic meters) of water is withdrawn from the Potomac River daily in the Washington area for water supply. This is equivalent to a mid-size river with a flow of 750 cubic feet per second. At 464 miles (747 kilometers) long, the Susquehanna River is the longest river on the American east coast that drains into the Atlantic Ocean. When its watershed area is included, it is the 16th largest river in the United States and the longest river in the continental United States without commercial boat traffic today. The Susquehanna River: is almost a mile (1.6...
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Most severe disturbances in the Pacific Coast States associated with stream reaches being scored as having high or very high risk of habitat degradation. Disturbances are grouped into large groups (fragmentation by dams; nutrient and sediment pollution; human population; road length and crossings; water withdrawals; urban land use; agricultural land use; mines and impervious surface cover) within the four spatial scales (local catchment, network catchment, local buffer, and network buffer). Only disturbance groups that have greater than 5% of stream length in a given category are represented in this figure. Note that not all disturbance categories are available for each spatial scale; buffers have only urban land...
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The Bluenose Shiner (Pteronotropis welaka) inhabits a variety of habitats from backwaters and swamps to spring-run streams. It is often found in deep pools with aquatic vegetation. Population losses have been observed where either aquatic or streamside vegetation was removed. Other threats include changes in water quality and quantity, impoundments, dredging, urbanization, and both point source and non-point source pollution.
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In general, the northern portion of this region, such as Maine, upper Vermont and New Hampshire, and the Adirondack and Catskill Mountains in New York, are at lower risk of current degradation than the southern areas, where population pressures are more intense. Overall, 53 percent of the stream miles in the Northeastern States have a low or very low risk of habitat degradation. However, the Northeastern States have experienced extensive alteration and loss of aquatic habitats in many areas. As a result, 32 percent of the stream miles have high or very high risk of aquatic habitat degradation and the region is one of the most threatened in the conterminous United States. The most common disturbances in the region...
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Northern Ohio, Indiana and Illinois are part of the Factory Belt, an area that was a primary center of manufacturing and industry from the late 1800s to the late 1900s. The manufacturing processes resulted in discharges of a broad range of toxins to local waterways. PCBs and dioxins, which have been banned for more than a decade, still pose a problem in the area’s rivers, lakes, and reservoirs because these industrial chemicals do not break down over time. For example, the Ashtabula River, in northeast Ohio, flows into Lake Erie and has been severely contaminated by a multitude of hazardous substances from legacy industrial discharges. This resulted in a 45 percent reduction in fish species, a 52 percent reduction...
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Key elements of the 2015 national assessment of stream fish habitats follow the 2010 assessment, including: 1) the idea that fishes reflect the quality of habitat in which they live; and 2) human landscape factors pose a risk to the condition of stream habitat, and indirectly, to fishes. The assessment followed five broad steps (Figure 1), and each are described in detail below.
Tags: 2015, CONUS, Method
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The Ozark Cavefish (Amblyopsis rosea) is found in specific cave systems with clean flowing groundwater. These systems suffer from human use of and (or) alterations to the cave systems. Recreational cavers can damage the cave ecosystem or interrupt breeding, causing this species to leave the cave, unlikely to return. Some caves have been flooded by the creation of reservoirs or have dried up because of lowered water tables from excessive groundwater pumping or water diversion.
Partnerships - Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership, and Fishers and Farmers Partnership Partners improved 10 miles shoreline and 150 acres of cove habitat in Arkansas. Cooperators planted and protected about 22,000 native plants, removed 8,000 acres of invasive plants, and constructed 60 brush or rock piles in Arkansas reservoirs. Provided improvement for 1,875 feet of reservoir shoreline habitat in Missouri. Funded efforts to install 30 brush piles in Mozingo Lake, Missouri. Worked with farmers in the Peno Creek Watershed, Missouri to develop innovative practices that benefited both natural resources and farmers. For more about specific waters and projects the Central...
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Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio constitute the majority of what is known as the Corn Belt, the most intensive agricultural region in the U.S. with corn and soybeans as the predominant crops. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture 61 percent of the acreage of the Central Midwest region was cropland in 2012. The corn and soybean is fed to livestock, making this a key area for the production of hogs, chickens, and cattle. The production of ethanol as a fuel additive has greatly increased corn production and Conservation Reserve Program land has increasingly become farmed again as agricultural commodity prices have increased from increased product demand. Runoff and drainage from agricultural fields and...
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Alaska is the largest state in the United States (586,412 square miles) and has a diverse array of fish habitats including most of the nation’s intact and highest condition fish habitat. Alaska has an estimated 46,882 miles of coastal shoreline, more than 3 million lakes, and at least 365,000 miles of rivers and streams. Pacific salmon (five species), pollock, halibut, Pacific cod, king crab, and many other species support robust subsistence, recreational, and commercial fisheries, nearly all of which come from self-sustaining wild populations. For Alaskans, fishing is an integral part of their heritage and culture and an important means of supporting their families. The inland assessment for Alaska focuses on...
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Reductions of flows resulting from drought and water withdrawals threaten the Fountain Darter (Etheostoma fonticola) in the headwater springs that feed the San Marcos and Comal Rivers, Texas. These are the only two places in the world this species is found. It uses dense aquatic plants and algae as habitat. It is severely threatened by the loss of vegetation caused by an exotic snail and afflicted by a parasitic non-native trematode whose life cycle uses the exotic snail as a host.
The estuaries of Breton/Chandeleur Sound in Louisiana are affected by the annual formation of the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic (low oxygen) zone, which is primarily the result of excess nutrients from Mississippi River Basin into the Gulf of Mexico. Urban areas contribute to the nutrient loading but agricultural runoff is the primary source. These nutrients come from the entire basin, which begins in Minnesota and extends through the “farm belt” of the nation. Nutrients are required for plant growth and excess nutrients increase algal growth. The algae then die and decompose, using up oxygen in the process. In 2015, this so-called “ Dead Zone” was 6,474 square miles - about the size of Connecticut and Rhode Island...
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This report updates and revises the 2010 “ Status of Fish Habitats in the United States” that summarized initial results of a comprehensive national assessment of aquatic habitats at an unprecedented scale and level of detail. This 2015 report provides even greater detail and improves our knowledge of the condition of fish habitat in the United States. The 2010 inland streams assessment characterized fish habitat condition using stream fish data from more than 26,000 stream reaches, while the 2015 assessment was based on fish data from more than 39,000 stream reaches nationally. To increase accuracy, the 2015 inland stream assessment incorporated 12 additional human disturbance variables into the fish analysis when...
Classifying Stream Reaches in Hawaii based on Ecological Potential Besides influences of human landscape factors on stream organisms, many “natural” landscape factors also affect distributions and abundances of species found in different stream habitats. To account for those influences, we used an analytical approach to create groupings of perennial stream reaches with similar natural landscape characteristics that were found to be influential to distributions of nine native stream taxa including fish, shrimp, and snails (Table 2). This approach, referred to as classification, is driven by relationships between natural landscape factors and stream organisms and does not account for influences of anthropogenic factors....
Tags: 2015, Hawaii, Method
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Partnerships - Western Native Trout Initiative, Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Desert Fish Habitat Partnership Funding was provided to construct three barriers to protect Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout populations in the Carson National Forest, New Mexico; one barrier to protect Gila Trout in Willow Creek, New Mexico; and one barrier to protect 54 miles of important Lahontan Cutthroat Trout habitat in Lower McDermitt Creek, Nevada, the largest meta population of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in the Northwest population segment. Assessed 89 miles of streams for 15 fish populations and aquatic macroinvertebrate surveys, predominantly, to determine the effect of wildfires on Gila Trout and associated aquatic species...
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Coal is mined throughout southern West Virginia, southwestern Virginia, and western Pennsylvania; mining activities account for elevated risks of aquatic habitat degradation throughout this zone. Drainage from coal mines and coal refuse piles is a common problem in the Appalachian coal region. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection reported in 2014 that streams surveyed in the western portion of the state, such as the Monongahela River, were considered impaired due to sulfates from mining. Coal mine drainage also releases acidic water into streams, making them thousands of times more acidic than unaffected streams and eliminating a majority of native aquatic species in the process. The practice of “mountaintop...
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Minnesota is known as “The Land of 10,000 Lakes” and officially there are 11,842 lakes more than 10 acres (40,000 m²) in size. The prevalence of lakes has generated many repeat names. For example, there are more than 200 Mud Lakes, 150 Long Lakes, and 120 Rice Lakes. Minnesota's waters flow outward in three directions: 1) north to Hudson Bay in Canada; 2) east to the Atlantic Ocean; and 3) south to the Gulf of Mexico. Wisconsin and Michigan both have waters that flow east to the Atlantic Ocean and south to the Gulf of Mexico. Wetlands acreage present in 1850: 18.6 million acres (7.5 million hectares). Wetlands acreage present in 2008: 10.6 million acres (4.3 million hectares). Massive ice sheets at least 1 kilometer...
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The Central Midwest states influence some of the nation’s major rivers, such as the Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Des Moines, Wabash, and Illinois Rivers. These states also border lakes Michigan and Erie, and contain numerous reservoirs, impoundments, and smaller natural lakes. The Central Midwest states have experienced nearly two centuries of urban expansion, manufacturing, agriculture, and mineral extraction. As an example, of the 26,000 miles of streams and rivers in Illinois, only 240 acres of stream and river habitat are now considered high quality natural areas. These factors influenced this assessment, which estimated that 67 percent of the Central Midwestern river and stream miles have a high or very...
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Alaska’s economy depends on extraction of natural resources such as fish, minerals, and timber. Gold, silver, oil, natural gas, and products such as gravel are extracted from streams, riparian zones (shoreline areas), and nearshore waters using a variety of methods that have both direct and indirect effects on fish habitats. A recent study estimated that up to 94 miles of streams and 5,350 acres of other aquatic habitats would be directly destroyed by routine operation of the proposed Pebble Mine in Bristol Bay tributaries. Bristol Bay was forecast in 2015 to produce 54 million sockeye salmon, almost 50 percent of the world’s wild sockeye salmon. Another proposed project on the west side of Cook Inlet, the Chuitna...
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The massive urban development of the northeast has resulted in discharged contaminants such as heavy metals, PCBs, and pesticides throughout the region’s waters. The number of industrial sites is much lower today, but their legacy continues as pollution leaks from abandoned industrial sites, landfills and disposal areas. Over time, these contaminants concentrate in sediments at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and bays. Some of the highest concentrations in the Northeast occur in Narragansett Bay, New York/New Jersey Harbor and Bight, and western Long Island Sound, where elevated levels of heavy metals (e.g., arsenic, chromium, mercury, nickel, silver, and zinc), PCBs, and pesticides occur. There are numerous impaired...
map background search result map search result map Summary of Scientific Findings for Central Midwest States Description of Mining as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for Fountain Darters in Southern Plains States Description of Resource Extraction as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Alaska Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Central Mississippi River States Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Northeastern States Facts About Upper Midwest States Facts About Mid-Atlantic States Summary of Scientific Findings for Alaska Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States ​Habitat Trouble for Bluenose Shiner in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Habitat Trouble for Ozark Cavefish in Central Mississippi River States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Southwestern States Summary of Scientific Findings for Northeastern States from the 2015 National Fish Habitat Assessment Pacific Coast States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances Figure Description of Mining as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Facts About Mid-Atlantic States Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Northeastern States Summary of Scientific Findings for Northeastern States from the 2015 National Fish Habitat Assessment Summary of Scientific Findings for Central Midwest States Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Habitat Trouble for Ozark Cavefish in Central Mississippi River States Facts About Upper Midwest States ​Habitat Trouble for Bluenose Shiner in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Pacific Coast States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances Figure Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Southwestern States Habitat Trouble for Fountain Darters in Southern Plains States Description of Resource Extraction as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Alaska Summary of Scientific Findings for Alaska