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Slug additions are often the most accurate method for determining discharge when traditional current meter or acoustic measurements are unreliable because of high turbulence, rocky streambed, shallow or sheet flow, or the stream is physically inaccessible (e.g., under ice or canyon walls) or unsafe to wade (Zellweger et al., 1989, Kilpatrick and Cobb 1984, Ferranti 2015). The slug addition method for determining discharge requires an injection of a known amount of a single salt and high-frequency downstream measurement of solute concentration to capture the response curve (Kilpatrick and Cobb 1984). A new slug method was developed to determine stream discharge utilizing specific conductance and ionic molal conductivities...
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The Cache Creek Settling Basin (CCSB) is a 13.3 km2 levee-bounded sediment retention basin located at the modern terminus of Cache Creek near the eastern boundary of Yolo County, approximately two miles NE of Woodland, California. The Cache Creek Settling Basin was constructed in 1937 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to trap suspended sediment from the upper Cache Creek watershed during high-flow events, with the purpose of preserving the floodway capacity of the Yolo Bypass, a larger leveed floodway located downstream. This dataset includes subsamples from sediment cores and shallow streambank sediment collected from the Sacramento River watershed. Sediment cores were collected in the Cache Creek Settling Basin...
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There are over 10,000 hydrothermal features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), where waters have pH values ranging from about 1 to 10 and surface temperatures up to 95 °C. Active geothermal areas in YNP provide insight into a variety of processes occurring at depth, such as water-rock and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, the formation of alteration minerals, and microbial (thermophile) metabolism in extreme environments. Investigations into the water chemistry of YNP hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, streams, and rivers have been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other earth-science organizations and academic institutions since 1888 (Gooch and Whitfield, 1888). More recently, USGS...
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This dataset is in support of the publication "The addition of 144Nd to routine ICP-MS analysis as a quick screening tool for approximating earth elements (Q-STAR) in natural waters". It contains inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) data from samples analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) from April 2021-May 2022. Data listed include estimated neodymium (Nd) concentrations and site numbers.Site numbers can be used to search published USGS data bases such as the National Water Information System, NWIS for previously published sample information and is shown here to highlight unpublished estimated Nd concentrations from this work. A set of archived samples from NWQL analyses were...
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The USGS National Field Manual (NFM) states “A representative sample is one that typifies in time and space that part of the aqueous system to be studied” and “obtaining representative samples is of primary importance for a relevant description of the environment.” The NFM contains detailed chapters on the best practices for representative and contamination free sampling of major and trace metals (U.S. Geological Survey 2006). However, as analytical capabilities have advanced and new preservation methods developed, there is a need to study the effectiveness of various amounts of nitric acid preservation for trace metals and major cations in surface water and groundwater. The amount of nitric acid prescribed by...
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This study focuses on providing a broad-scale assessment of composition of water chemistry in urban stormwater runoff. The stormwater runoff is a source of recharge to groundwater by Green Infrastructure (GI) practices or it may become a source of recharge to groundwater to reduce stormwater volumes to surface waters or augment groundwater supply. The chemical composition of the stormwater runoff is important to understanding the potential impacts of surface water recharge to groundwater. In this study, 21 field sites were sampled for stormwater runoff during 50 storm events from 7/28/2016 through 12/8/2017. Major elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and trace elements...
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The Tenaya Lake Water Budget Study seeks to quantify and understand the water balance within the principal snow accumulation and runoff yielding zone in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The Study operates stage sensors and data loggers to record Tenaya Lake inflows, water surface elevation, and outflow, with continuous annual data collection for the 21 square-kilometer watershed located in the alpine zone of Yosemite National Park. The Study began in September 2005 and includes discharge and water quality measurements. Water samples have been collected at several gage locations and analyzed for an extensive panel of dissolved constituents. Tenaya Lake lies in a glacially-scoured granitic basin. Murphy Creek, Tenaya...
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Monitoring the chloride (Cl) flux in the major rivers draining Yellowstone National Park (YNP) provides a holistic view of the thermal output from the underlying magma reservoir, and abrupt fluctuations in the Cl flux may signify changes in hydrothermal activity. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service (NPS) have collaborated on Cl flux monitoring of the major rivers since the 1970s. In the past, researchers collected water samples from the major rivers in YNP, but funding restrictions, winter conditions, and the great distances between sites limited the number of samples collected annually. Beginning in 2010, specific conductance, which is relatively easy to measure and can be automated,...
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This dataset includes data for in-situ solid materials and suspended sediments from surface-water samples, as well as surface-water chemistry from samples collected during storm events at Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park, Nevada County, California. In-situ solid samples were collected during 2015 along six vertical transects along the cliff walls of the mine pit. Surface-water samples were collected during 2014 and 2016 from Hiller Tunnel and from drainage networks below the in-situ sampling sites during runoff conditions. In-situ and suspended-sediment samples were analyzed for grain-size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for quantitative mineralogy, inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)...
The Russian River watershed is an important resource for drinking water and recreation. Sonoma Water relies on the Russian River to provide drinking water to over 620,000 Sonoma County and Marin, CA residents. Nearly 1 million visitors enjoy numerous recreational opportunities on the Russian River annually. Wildfires have increased in frequency and intensity in Northern California and research is ongoing to address water-quality impacts during post-fire rainstorm events, including increased loading of sediments, nutrients, major ions, and metals. This data release presents results from the analyses of surface water samples collected within the Russian Watershed between 2017-2019 occurring before and after the Sonoma...
Chemical and isotopic analyses are reported for water samples collected from water supply wells, a geothermal well in the Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV) power plant, a hot spring in the Puna District, a research well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano (informally called “NSF Well”, or “Keller Well ”), and a water catchment in the headquarters area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i. These water samples were collected and analyzed as part of research investigations on the potential impact of the 2018 Kilauea lower East Rift Zone and summit eruption on water supplies. The presented data allow for a comparison with data from an investigation carried out prior to the 2018 eruption (Evans and others, 2015 ). Water...
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Note: This data release has been superseded by https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZBZMFL. The Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA) supplies drinking water to over 600,000 Sonoma County and Marin County, CA residents and relies on a combination of Russian River water and surrounding groundwater. SCWA employs natural removal processes of riverbank filtration (RBF) to provide pretreatment before the river water is chlorinated and distributed in the drinking water system. In addition, SCWA employs an inflatable damn on a seasonal basis to increase water supply at the RBF site. Changes in water quality due to recent and potential future fires within the Russian River water shed could lead to substantial drinking water management...
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This data release presents chemical and biological results from an investigation of the uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from groundwater contaminated by fire training activities on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Exposure experiments were conducted from August 29 to September 21, 2018 using groundwater from a relatively uncontaminated reference site and a fire training area contaminated site. To assess the uptake characteristics of the PFAS mixtures present in the 2 groundwater sources, 21-day mobile laboratory exposure experiments were conducted using fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), polar organic chemical integrative samplers, and polyethylene tube samplers. Freshwater mussel (Ligumia subrostrata)...
    map background search result map search result map Water Quality of the Russian River Watershed After Sonoma and Napa County Fires, Beginning 2017 Survey of major and trace elements in stormwater runoff from across the United States, 2016 to 2017 Geochemical, mineralogical, and grain-size data for in-situ solid materials and suspended sediment at Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park, Nevada County, California Specific conductance data for selected rivers and creeks in Yellowstone National Park, beginning in 2010 (version 2.0, May 2020) Groundwater chemistry in the Lower East Rift Zone and summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i Uptake of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Fish, Mussel, and Passive Samplers in Mobile Laboratory Exposures using Groundwater from a Contamination Plume at a Historical Fire Training Area, Cape Cod, Massachusetts - Chemical and Biological Data from August to September 2018 Water quality of samples collected in the Russian River Watershed (2017-2019) Streamflow and water chemistry in the Tenaya Lake Basin, Yosemite National Park, California Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Evaluation of preservation techniques for trace metals and major cations for surface waters collected from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Network Sites Geochemical, mineralogical, and grain-size data for deep cores from the Cache Creek Settling Basin and streambed sediments from the Sacramento River watershed National scale assessment for rare earth elements in dissolved water samples and supporting geochemistry Specific conductance data collected during slug additions Geochemical, mineralogical, and grain-size data for in-situ solid materials and suspended sediment at Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park, Nevada County, California Streamflow and water chemistry in the Tenaya Lake Basin, Yosemite National Park, California Uptake of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Fish, Mussel, and Passive Samplers in Mobile Laboratory Exposures using Groundwater from a Contamination Plume at a Historical Fire Training Area, Cape Cod, Massachusetts - Chemical and Biological Data from August to September 2018 Water Quality of the Russian River Watershed After Sonoma and Napa County Fires, Beginning 2017 Water quality of samples collected in the Russian River Watershed (2017-2019) Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Specific conductance data for selected rivers and creeks in Yellowstone National Park, beginning in 2010 (version 2.0, May 2020) Groundwater chemistry in the Lower East Rift Zone and summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i Specific conductance data collected during slug additions Survey of major and trace elements in stormwater runoff from across the United States, 2016 to 2017 Evaluation of preservation techniques for trace metals and major cations for surface waters collected from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Network Sites National scale assessment for rare earth elements in dissolved water samples and supporting geochemistry