Filters: partyWithName: U.S. Geological Survey (X) > partyWithName: Tamar Elias (X)
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Puhimau thermal area, located in the upper East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i formed around 1936 when heat and gases migrated to the surface following a magma intrusion. As of April 2020, the area is about 0.2 km2 in size with regions of steaming ground. The site may be valuable for monitoring changes in gas and heat emissions related to movement of magma down the rift zone. On November 4-5, 2019 we used the accumulation chamber method and thermocouple probes to make 164 measurements of soil CO2 flux and temperature (20 cm depth) at 30-m spacing on a 0.2 km2 grid. Three gas samples were collected from areas of steaming ground on November 5-6, 2019 and analyzed for bulk chemical and carbon isotope (d13C-CO2)...
Following the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano (Neal et al, 2019) and the subsequent collapse of the Halema’uma’u crater, groundwater gradually seeped into the newly-deepened crater (Nadeau and others, 2020). Water was first observed in the crater on 7/26/2019, and the water level increased over time until 12/20/2020, when the crater again filled with lava, vaporizing the lake. In the intervening time, three sets of water samples were collected by unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) and analyzed for water chemistry, water isotopes, and sulfur isotopes. The solids filtered from the collected water samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM, as well as digested and analyzed for their chemical composition. Additionally, two...
A fissure eruption occurred in Kīlauea Volcano’s Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) from April to September 2018. During this event, volcanic gases were emitted from three active areas on the volcano. The most intense degassing occurred at the active fissures in the LERZ, thus causing parts of Hawaiʻi Island’s Puna district to be exposed to life-threatening sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. At the same time, gas emissions from the volcano’s summit and East Rift Zone (ERZ) slowly declined from their decade-long averages as magma drained from the volcano’s shallow plumbing system. Throughout the eruption, the USGS used a Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (Mobile DOAS) to record ultraviolet (280 – 420...
In early May 2018, activity at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, increased, with heightened ash production from the summit commencing on May 17. Volcanic ash can scavenge volatile components from volcanic plumes, resulting in the deposition of potentially harmful elements during ash fallout. Leaching of these species (e.g., by rainfall or in water catchment systems) can have implications for agriculture, water resources and human health. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is sampling volcanic ash and utilizing ash leachate analyses as part of the assessment of hazards from the ongoing eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. We acquired 30 ash samples erupted from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano and collected downwind between May 10...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Environmental Health,
Environmental hazards,
Environmental health,
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park,
Human health,
This data release provides volcanic plume heights from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano for 2008-2015, and during the eruptive events of 2018. For 2018, a Secacam Wild Vision Full HD camera with a 7mm focal length was located at 1717 m elevation approximately 15 m south of the Mauna Loa Strip Road within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, 19.475843°N, 155.363560°W (WGS84). The camera was pointed southeast to capture images of the Kīlauea caldera every two minutes. These images were used to calculate maximum plume heights within the full frame of the camera. For each two-minute image, the maximum plume heights above the Halemaʻumaʻu crater rim, and in the overall image, were calculated using the horizontal distance to...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Halema‘uma‘u,
Kīlauea Crater,
Kīlauea Volcano,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
eruption plume,
Measurement of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates is a critical aspect of monitoring and studying active volcanoes. Changes in emission rate are often associated with changes in volcanic activity and in some cases may herald future changes in activity. At the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), emission rates of SO2 from Hawaiian volcanoes have been measured by ultraviolet spectrometer since the late 1970s [Casadevall and others, 1987]. Here we present a compilation of SO2 emission rate measurements made from 2018 to 2022. The emission rates (in t/d) span five orders of magnitude through a range of activity styles unprecedented in recent times, including caldera collapse [Anderson and others, 2019], the first prolonged...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: DOAS,
Geochemistry,
Hawaii,
Kīlauea,
Mauna Loa,
Kīlauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai‘i was in a state of nearly continuous eruption from 1983 – 2018. Large amounts of sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) were released from the volcano’s East Rift Zone (ERZ) during the entire eruptive period, and from the Overlook vent at the summit of the volcano from 2008-2018. This data release presents ground-based estimates of SO2 emission rates from the two gas emission sources for the period 2008-2013. For the two-year period 2008-2010, the summit data have been revised from previously published emission rates (Elias and Sutton, 2012). During this era, very high emissions from the volcano’s newly active lava lake led to opaque plumes and challenges in accurately quantifying SO2 column...
Categories: Data;
Tags: FLYSPEC array,
Halema'uma'u,
Kilauea Crater,
Kilauea East Rift Zone,
Kilauea Volcano,
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