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Fluorescence spectroscopy via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to analyze ancient sedimentary organic matter, including Tasmanites microfossils in Devonian shale and Gloecapsomorpha prisca (G. prisca) in Ordovician kukersite from North American basins. We examined fluorescence emission as a function of excitation laser wavelength, sample orientation, and with respect to location within individual organic entities and along organic matter chemical transects. Results from spectral scans of the same field of view in Tasmanites with different laser lines showed progressive red-shift in emission maxima with longer excitation wavelengths. This result indicates steady-state Tasmanites fluorescence emission...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Energy Resources,
Gloeocapsomorpha prisca,
North Dakota,
Ohio,
Petroleum resources,
Waters co-produced during petroleum extraction are the largest waste stream from oil and gas development. Reuse or disposal of these waters is difficult due both to their high salinities, which can greatly exceed 35 g/L (seawater equivalent), and also the sheer volume of wastewater generated, which is estimated at nearly 900 billion gallons per year across the United States. Beyond disposal concerns, produced water may also represent a possible source of valuable mineral commodities. While an understanding of the trace element composition of produced water is required for evaluating the associated resource and waste potential of these materials, measuring trace elements in high salinity brines is challenging due...
The dataset covers X-ray diffraction (XRD) applied for mineral determination in shales from the Utica, Excello, Niobrara, and Monterey formations. The XRD was performed prior to modified Rock-Eval pyrolysis, reflectance, organic petrology, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) being employed to analyze geochemical properties; gas adsorption (CO2 and N2) was used to characterize pore structures.
In this study, organic petrology and Osmium isotope (187Os/188Os) stratigraphy, major and trace element, and programmed pyrolysis analysis were performed on five outcrop samples from western New York, USA. Seawater Os isotope composition is controlled by radiogenic input from weathering of the ancient land and nonradiogenic input from extraterrestrial and hydrothermal sources (Peucker-Ehrenbrink and Ravizza, 2000). Os is complexed by the organic matter present at the time of deposition without isotope fractionation. Seawater Os isotope composition is reconstructed by analysing the Os isotope composition of the organic-rich sedimentary rock (Turgeon et al., 2007). The short residence time of Os (10 – 50 kyrs) in...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Cattaraugus County,
Chautauqua County,
Energy Resources,
Erie County,
Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction,
Subsurface microbial (biogenic) methane production is an important part of the global carbon cycle and has resulted in natural gas accumulations in many coal beds worldwide. Laboratory experiments indicate coal beds can act as natural geobioreactors and produce additional low carbon renewable natural gas with algal or yeast compounds, yet the effectiveness of these nutrients in situ are unknown. This study uses down-well monitoring methods in combination with deuterated water (99.99% D2O) and a 200-liter injection of 0.1% yeast extract to stimulate and isotopically label newly generated methane. A total dissolved gas pressure sensor was placed down-well into the Flowers-Goodale coal bed at the USGS Birney Test Site...
This data release contains 60 detrital zircon age spectra, based on U and Pb isotope ratio measurements for 9399 single grains. The samples are from Paleogene strata of the U.S. Gulf Coast. Of the 9399 single grain measurements, we recommend that 8640 yield ages that are suitable for construction of detrital zircon age spectra. Comments tagged to individual grains explain the reasoning for exclusion of a single grain measurement from age spectra, mostly including high discordance and/or uncertainty. The samples were collected along the strike of the U.S. Gulf Coast basin between western Alabama (the eastern U.S. Gulf Coast) and the Rio Grande river (the southwestern boundary of the U.S. Gulf Coast). The highest...
This data matrix contains the codebook vectors for a 82 x 50 neuron Emergent Self-Organizing Map which describes the multivariate topology of reservoir temperature and geochemical data for 190 samples of produced and geothermal waters from across the United States. Variables included are coordinates derived from reservoir temperature and concentration of Sc, Nd, Pr, Tb, Lu, Gd, Tm, Ce, Yb, Sm, Ho, Er, Eu, Dy, F, alkalinity as bicarbonate, Si, B, Br, Li, Ba, Sr, sulfate, H (derived from pH), K, Mg, Ca, Cl, and Na converted to units of proportion. The concentration data were converted to isometric log-ratio coordinates (following Hron et al., 2010), where the first ratio is Sc serving as the denominator to the geometric...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Energy Resources,
Geochemistry,
Rare earth elements,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States,
The dataset covers Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) measurements taken from altered kerogen in shales from the Woodford formation. The ATR measurements were taken after the samples were run through supercritical CO2 alteration experiments in a brine solution.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Carter County,
Energy Resources,
Kerogen Reflectance,
Oklahoma,
Supercritical CO2,
The USGS Gulf Coast Source Rock Database (GCSRD) is an online repository for all publicly available source rock data (outcrop and subsurface) from the states of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas. "Source rock data" are defined in this context as data that include any of the following measured or calculated parameters: -total organic carbon (TOC), -various pyrolysis measurements (Tmax, S1, S2, S3, HI, OI), -vitrinite or bitumen reflectance values. All data in the GCSRD have been extracted from previously published peer-reviewed literature or as USGS-released data sets; no new measurements are included. The underlying data set is presented as an interactive, map-view application...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Alabama,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
Texas,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Fractionation of petroleum during migration through sedimentary rock matrices has been observed across lengths of meters to kilometers. Selective adsorption of specific chemical moieties at mineral surfaces and/or the phase behavior of petroleum during pressure changes are typically invoked to explain this behavior. Given the current emphasis on unconventional (continuous) resources, there is a need to understand petroleum fractionation occurring during expulsion and migration at the nanometer to micron scale, due to the fine-grained nature of petroliferous mudrocks. Here organic matter compositional differences observed within kukersite petroleum source beds (containing acritarch Gloeocapsomorpha prisca) from the...
Here the spatial variation in Raman estimates of thermal maturity within individual organic domains from several shale geologic reference materials originating from the Boquillas, Marcellus, Niobrara, and Woodford Formations are assessed from the respective Raman response. We show that for all four shales the thermal maturity parameters extracted from Raman spectra by iterative peak fitting can vary widely across distances of ≤5 µm within the same organic domain.
Categories: Data;
Tags: CEMEX quarry,
Carter County, Oklahoma,
Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas,
Energy Resources,
Geochemistry,
Numerical modeling was performed to analyze the impacts of potential multiphase conditions on long-term subsurface pressure evolution in subsurface systems. An example site on the Bruce Peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada was selected due to the large amount of available, high-quality data showing significantly underpressured water and the possible presence of gas phase methane. The system was represented by a 1-D model in which multiphase flow and hydromechanical coupling during the last glacial loading and unloading cycle were simulated. Single-phase flow simulations were performed with the USGS single-phase flow simulator SUTRA, and then both single- and multiphase simulations were performed with the multiphase...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Canada,
Energy Resources,
Great Lakes,
Groundwater,
Groundwater Model,
This data release contains programmed pyrolysis, organic petrographic (reflectance), and semiquantitative X-ray diffraction mineralogy data for subsurface coal and shale samples from around the world. Samples were subjected to hydrous or anhydrous pyrolysis experiments at varying temperatures and the resulting residues were analyzed via programmed pyrolysis and reflectance to document changes in thermal maturity.
Raman spectroscopy was studied as a thermal maturity probe in a series of Upper Devonian Ohio Shale samples from the Appalachian Basin spanning from immature to dry gas conditions. Raman spectroscopy also was applied to samples spanning a similar thermal range created from 72-hour hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiments of the Ohio Shale at temperatures from 300 to 360°C and isothermal HP experiments lasting up to 100 days of similar Devonian-Mississippian New Albany Shale. Raman spectra were treated by an automated evaluation software based on iterative and simultaneous modeling of signal and baseline functions to decrease subjectivity. Spectra show robust correlation to measured solid bitumen reflectance (BRo) values...
Low biomass waters provide a unique challenge in the field of microbial ecology. It is difficult to determine, when biomass concentrations are extremely low, whether or not the sequencing data received are of good quality and representative of the waters sampled. Fifty-nine samples including 8 blanks were collected from a low biomass hydraulically fractured well producing from the Niobrara Shale in Colorado. At least 4 samples were collected by filtering the exact volume for each listed here: 1000 mL, 900 mL, 800 mL, 700 mL, 600 mL, 500 mL, 400 mL, 300 mL, 200 mL, 100 mL, 0 mL (blanks).
Categories: Data;
Tags: 16S rRNA sequencing,
Colorado,
Denver-Julesburg Basin,
Energy Resources,
Illumina MiSeq Platform,
The U.S. Geological Survey assessed undiscovered petroleum resources in the downdip Paleogene formations of the U.S. Gulf Coast in 2018. During the assessment new data and information were collected to evaluate thermal maturity, source rock character, and unconventional reservoir rock prospectivity for the Cenozoic-aged section in south Louisiana. Samples were analyzed using multiple analytical approaches, including programmed pyrolysis (Rock-Eval), Leco TOC, organic petrographic analysis including vitrinite reflectance (Ro, %), and X-ray diffraction mineralogy. Associated abstract publication: Valentine, B.J., Elizalde, C., Enomoto, C.B., Hackley, P.C., 2015, Organic petrology and geochemistry of Tertiary and...
The United States Gulf Coast Basin Curated Wells and Logs Database (CWLDB) is an online repository with stratigraphic information for petroleum wells in the United States portion of the onshore Gulf of Mexico Basin that provides several of the following attributes: a) deep penetrations (generally, total depth of 10,000 feet or more), b) high quality and diverse geophysical well log suites, c) lithostratigraphic logs, d) biostratigraphic units (biozones) and reports, and/or e) core or cuttings samples. First release: March 2023 Revised: November 2023 (ver. 2.0)
Citation Note: These data were collected as part of a research study published in Marine and Petroleum Geology. Please reference the following paper when citing these data: Botterell, P.J., Houseknecht, D.W., Lillis, P.G, Barbanti, S.M., Dahl, J.E, and Moldowan, J.M., 2021. Geochemical advances in Arctic Alaska oil typing – North Slope oil correlation and charge history. Marine and Petroleum Geology 127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104878. The Arctic Alaska petroleum province is geologically and geochemically complex. Mixed hydrocarbon charge from multiple source rocks and/or levels of thermal maturity is common within an individual oil pool. Biomarker and chemometric statistical analyses were used...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Alaska,
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge,
Biomarkers,
Energy Resources,
North Slope,
We developed a methodology to estimate maximum brine injection rates in subsurface formations across wide geographic areas using inverse modeling-based optimization techniques. We first defined geographic areas where groundwater was too saline to meet the standard for drinking water and where sufficient confining units existed above and below the injection layers. We then assumed concurrent brine injection into a system of wells on a consistent 25 km x 25 km spacing across the entire modeled area. Taking advantage of symmetry, we represented each 25 km x 25 km injection area as a 12.5 km-long one-dimensional radial model, divided into 100 logarithmically-sized grid blocks. A single layer of grid blocks was used...
This data release contains Rock-Eval pyrolysis, organic petrographic (reflectance), and X-ray diffraction mineralogy data for subsurface Mesozoic rock samples from the eastern onshore Gulf Coast Basin (primarily Mississippi and Louisiana). Samples were analyzed in support of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources in the Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa marine shale and evaluation of shale gas prospectivity in the Aptian section of the Mississippi Salt Basin.
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