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This data set consists of monthly averages of soil and litter properties. Rows are grouped in the following order: year, month, vegetation type, plot ID. Within a single month five plots were sampled within each of the 2 vegetation types (10 plots total). Columns F+ represent individual measurements.
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Invasive species may vary in their seasonal distribution and abundance due to environmental conditions such as precipitation and temperature. Bigheaded carps, which include silver and bighead carp, are one such taxon of invasive species that appear to change habitats seasonally. Seasonal changes in bigheaded carp distribution may occur because of hydrological changes, water temperature changes, and spawning activities. Monitoring this seasonal dispersal and migration is important for management to control the population size and spread of the species. We examined if environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches could detect seasonal changes in the occurrence of DNA in water samples and used these approaches to calculate the...
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Invasion of North American waters by Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis has resulted in declines in native North American Unionoida mussels. Dreissenid mussels biofoul unionid mussels in large numbers and interfere with unionid movement, acquisition of food and ability to open and close their shells. Initial expectations for the Great Lakes were that unionids would be extirpated where they co-occur with dreissenids, but recently adult and juvenile unionids have been found alive in several apparent refugia. These unionid populations may persist due to reduced dreissenid biofouling in these areas, and/or due to processes that remove biofoulers. For example, locations inaccessible to veligers may reduce...
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Eggs were collected in the Upper Mississippi main stem (Pool 9 and Pool 11) during the summer of 2013. Using previously published morphological characteristics, eggs were positively identified as belonging to an invasive Asian carp genus. A subsample of these eggs was subsequently analyzed using molecular methods to determine species identity. Genetic identification of a total of 41 eggs was attempted using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene. Due to the preservation technique used (formalin) and resulting DNA degradation, sequences from only 17 individuals could be recovered. In all cases, non-carp cyprinids were identified as the most likely species identity (usually a Notropis spp.). In previously published...
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This collection of conservation areas consists of the floodplain of the combined streams of the Iowa River and the Cedar River. The study area begins just southeast of Wapello, IA, and continues southeast until the Horseshoe Bend Division, Port Louisa NWR. The area is currently managed to maintain meadow or grassland habitat which requires intensive management due to vegetative succession. In addition, this floodplain area contains a high proportion of managed lands and private lands in the Wetland Reserve Program and is a high priority area for cooperative conservation actions. This project provides a late-summer baseline vegetation inventory to assess future management actions in an adaptive process. Changes in...
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c) We examined effects of flooding on supply rates of 14 nutrients in floodplain areas invaded by Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass), areas restored to young successional forests (browsed by white-tailed deer and unbrowsed), and remnant mature forests in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain. Plant Root Simulator ion-exchange probes were deployed for four separate 28-day periods. The first deployment occurred during flooded conditions, while the three subsequent deployments were conducted during progressively drier periods. Time after flooding corresponded with increases in NO3--N, K+ and Zn+2, decreases in H2PO4--P, Fe+3, Mn+2, and B(OH)4-B, a decrease followed by an increase in NH4+-N, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Al+3,...
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Data are population size estimates for monarch butterflies overwintering in Mexico as well as 76 potential stressors and 3 correlates. These stressors include disease, pesticide, herbicide, temperature, precipitation, and habitat loss measured for Mexican overwintering area and Southern, North Central, and Northeastern breeding areas.
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Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, nestlings were collected from 60 sites in the Great Lakes which included multiple sites at 27 Areas of Concern (AOCs) and 6 sites not listed as AOCs from 2010 to 2014. Nestlings were measured for ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity, chromosomal damage (DNA CV), and six measures of oxidative stress. Each of these bioindicators was divided into four groups from the highest to lowest values and the groups were compared to contaminant concentrations using multivariate analysis. Nestling contaminant concentrations included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and 17 elements. Alkylated polycyclic aromatic...
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Contaminant exposure of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, nesting in the Great Lakes basin was assessed in 2010 to 2014. Tree swallow nestlings were collected from 69 sites which included multiple sites at some of the 27 Areas of Concern (AOCs) and at nine non-AOC sites. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) concentrations were measured in nestling stomach contents. Concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs were measured in nestling carcasses. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were measured in nestling plasma. Pooled dietary concentrations of total PAHs were highest at the Rouge River, MI AOC (1,856 ng/g wet weight) and lowest at White Lake, MI...
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Large lakes provide a variety of ecological services to surrounding cities and communities. Many of these services are supported by ecological processes that are threatened by the increasing prevalence of cyanobacterial blooms which occur as aquatic ecosystems experience cultural eutrophication. Over the past 10 years, Lake Erie experienced cyanobacterial blooms of increasing severity and frequency, which have resulted in impaired drinking water for the surrounding communities. Cyanobacterial blooms may impact ecological processes that support other services, but many of these impacts have not been documented. Secondary production (production of primary consumers) is an important process that supports economically...
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Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are an invasive species in the Mississippi River Basin; understanding their vulnerability to predation as juveniles may inform control by native predators and predator stocking. Digestion of silver carp recovered from diets makes it difficult to determine the size classes most vulnerable to predation by native fishes. The objective of this study was to determine if total length of silver carp can be predicted from the size of their chewing pad, pharyngeal teeth, and pharyngeal arch, the structures most often found intact in diets. Juvenile silver carp (n=136: <180 mm) were collected using 60 hz pulsed- DC electrofishing and mini fyke nets in 2014 and 2015 from the La Grange...
Aerial photographs for Pools 2-13 Upper Mississippi River System were collected in color infrared (CIR) in August of 2010 at 8”/pixel and 16”/pixel respectively using a mapping-grade Applanix DSS 439 digital aerial camera. All CIR aerial photos were orthorectified, mosaicked, compressed, and served via the UMESC Internet site. The CIR aerial photos were interpreted and automated using a 31-class LTRM vegetation classification. The 2010 LCU databases were prepared by or under the supervision of competent and trained professional staff using documented standard operated procedures and are subject to rigorous quality control (QC) assurances (NBS, 1995). The 2010/2011 land cover/land use spatial data sets for pools...
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The data are input data files to run the forest simulation model Landis-II for Isle Royale National Park. Files include: a) Initial_Comm, which includes the location of each mapcode, b) Cohort_ages, which includes the ages for each tree species-cohort within each mapcode, c) Ecoregions, which consist of different regions of soils and climate, d) Ecoregion_codes, which define the ecoregions, and e) Species_Params, which link the potential establishment and growth rates for each species with each ecoregion.
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This dataset includes information collected from “ecological process monitoring stations” located across the western basin of Lake Erie (originating at the Maumee River and reaching as far east as the Bass Islands). Nine worksheets are included in this file, of which 1 is a meta-data sheet that describes the variable names and purpose of the other sheets. Included herein is the initial and final sizes of caged Lampsilis siliquoidea mussels placed at each of the afore-mentioned stations, along with the size and mass of dreissenid mussels that grew on Hester-Dendy samplers at the same locations and measurements of cyanobacterial abundance (as inferred from satellite imagery). In addition, measurements of lipids and...
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Tributary inputs to lakes and seas are measured at riverine gages, upstream of lentic influence. Between these riverine gages and the nearshore zones of large waterbodies lie rivermouths, which may retain, transform and contribute materials to the nearshore zone. During the summer of 2011, twenty-three tributary systems of the Laurentian Great Lakes were sampled from river to nearshore for dissolved and particulate carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, as well as bulk seston and chlorohyll a concentrations. Rivermouths had higher concentrations of C and P than nearshore areas and more chlorophyll a than upstream river waters. Compared to a conservative mixing model, rivermouths as a class appeared...
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Inferences about ecological structure and function are often made using elemental or macromolecular tracers of food web structure. For example, inferences about food chain length are often made using stable isotope ratios of top predators and consumer food sources are often inferred from both stable isotopes and fatty acid (FA) content in consumer tissues. The use of FAs as tracers implies some degree of macromolecular conservation across trophic interactions, but many FAs are critically important for particular physiological functions and animals may selectively retain or extract these critical FAs from food resources. Here, we compared spatial variation in two taxa that feed on the same (or similar) food resources...