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Many waterbird species utilize a diversity of aquatic habitats; however, with increasing anthropogenic needs tomanage water regimes there is global concern over impacts to waterbird populations. The federally threatened pipingplover (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plovers) is a shorebird that breeds in three habitat types in the Prairie PotholeRegion of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Canada: riverine sandbars; reservoir shorelines; and prairie wetlands. Watersurface areas of these habitats fluctuate in response to wet–dry periods; decreasing water surface areas exposeshorelines that plovers utilize for nesting. Climate varies across the region so when other habitats are unavailable forplover nesting because of flooding,...
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Article Introduction: Efforts to define water needs for riparian and aquatic ecosystems in arid and semi-arid systems are critical because riparian areas are essential for the survival of desert life, with stream corridors providing a large proportion of ecosystem services in these landscapes (Poff, Koestner, Neary, & Henderson, 2011; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). To create a one-stop-shop for published ecological water needs information and illuminate critical knowledge gaps in the desert watersheds of the U.S. and Mexico, the University of Arizona’s Water Resources Research Center and the Northern Arizona University School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability created the Desert Flows Database....
Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Aquascalientes, Arizona, Baja California, California, Chihuahua, All tags...
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Climate change poses major challenges for conservation and management because it alters the area, quality, and spatial distribution of habitat for natural populations. To assess species’ vulnerability to climate change and target ongoing conservation investments, researchers and managers often consider the effects of projected changes in climate and land use on future habitat availability and quality and the uncertainty associated with these projections. Here, we draw on tools from hydrology and climate science to project the impact of climate change on the density of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of the USA, a critical area for breeding waterfowl and other wetland-dependent species. We evaluate the potential...
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A key challenge in aquatic restoration efforts is documenting locations where ecological connectivity is disrupted in water bodies that are dammed or crossed by roads (road crossings). To prioritize actions aimed at restoring connectivity, we argue that there is a need for systematic inventories of these potential barriers at regional and national scales. Here, we address this limitation for the North American Great Lakes basin by compiling the best available spatial data on the locations of dams and road crossings. Our spatial database documents 38 times as many road crossings as dams in the Great Lakes basin, and case studies indicate that, on average, only 36% of road crossings in the area are fully passable...
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Conservation of biological communities requires accurate estimates of abundance for multiple species. Recent advances in estimating abundance of multiple species, such as Bayesian multispecies N-mixture models, account for multiple sources of variation, including detection error. However, false-positiveerrors (misidentification or double counts), which are prevalent in multispecies data sets, remain largely unaddressed. The dependent-double observer (DDO) method is an emerging method that both accounts for detection error and is suggested to reduce the occurrence of false positives because it relies on two observers working collaboratively to identify individuals. To date, the DDO method has not been combined with...
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Wetland hydroperiod, the length of time water is available in wetlands, is sensitive to changes in precipitation, temperature and timing due to climate variation. Truncated hydroperiod has major implications for wetland-dependent species (e.g., waterfowl, amphibians) and human water allocation (PPP LCC Need 1). To characterize wetland hydroperiod in the Plains and Prairie Pothole Region, we first identify location and hydroperiod of wetlands using field-based and remotely sensed training data (RapidEye, Landsat). We define hydroperiod as wetland ephemerality, where ephemerality represents the persistence of a wetland across the growing season. We then link hydroperiod to climatic variation by relating climate time-series...
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In many large ecosystems, conservation projects are selected by a diverse set of actors operating independently at spatial scales ranging from local to international. Although small-scale decision making can leverage local expert knowledge, it also may be an inefficient means of achieving large-scale objectives if piecemeal efforts are poorly coordinated. Here, we assess the value of coordinating efforts in both space and time to maximize the restoration of aquatic ecosystem connectivity. Habitat fragmentation is a leading driver of declining biodiversity and ecosystem services in rivers worldwide, and we simultaneously evaluate optimal barrier removal strategies for 661 tributary rivers of the Laurentian Great...
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Temperate grassland ecosystems are imperiled globally, and habitat loss in North America has resulted in steepdeclines of endemic songbirds. Commercial livestock grazing is the primary land use in rangelands that supportremaining bird populations. Some conservationists suggest using livestock as “ecosystem engineers” to increasehabitat heterogeneity in rangelands because birds require a spectrum of sparse to dense vegetation cover.However, grazing effects remain poorly understood because local studies have not incorporated broad-scaleenvironmental constraints on herbaceous growth. We surveyed grassland birds across a region spanning26 500 km2 in northeast Montana, United States to assess how distribution and abundance...
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Within the time frame of the longevity of tree species, climate change will change faster than the ability of natural tree migration. Migration lags may result in reduced productivity and reduced diversity in forests under current management and climate change. We evaluated the efficacy of planting climate-suitable tree species (CSP), those tree species with current or historic distributions immediately south of a focal landscape, to maintain or increase aboveground biomass, productivity, and species and functional diversity. We modeled forest change with the LANDIS-II forest simulation model for 100 years (2000–2100) at a 2-ha cell resolution and five-year time steps within two landscapes in the Great Lakes region...
map background search result map search result map Understanding Environmental Flows in Desert Rivers of the U.S. and Mexico through the Desert Flows Database Publication: Restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity requires expanding inventories of both dams and road crossings Publication: Enhancing ecosystem restoration efficiency through spatial and temporal coordination Publication: Climate-suitable planting as a strategy for maintaining forest productivity and functional diversity A multispecies dependent double-observer model: A new method to for estimating multispecies abundance Projected wetland densities under climate change: habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy Precipitation and Soil Productivity Explain Effects of Grazing on Grassland Songbirds Consolidation Drainage and Climate Change May Reduce Piping Plover Habitat in the Great Plains Using a multiscale, probabilistic approach to identify spatial-temporal wetland gradients Precipitation and Soil Productivity Explain Effects of Grazing on Grassland Songbirds Publication: Climate-suitable planting as a strategy for maintaining forest productivity and functional diversity A multispecies dependent double-observer model: A new method to for estimating multispecies abundance Projected wetland densities under climate change: habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy Consolidation Drainage and Climate Change May Reduce Piping Plover Habitat in the Great Plains Using a multiscale, probabilistic approach to identify spatial-temporal wetland gradients Publication: Restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity requires expanding inventories of both dams and road crossings Publication: Enhancing ecosystem restoration efficiency through spatial and temporal coordination Understanding Environmental Flows in Desert Rivers of the U.S. and Mexico through the Desert Flows Database