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The invasion paradox describes the co-occurrence of independent lines of support for both a negative and a positive relationship between native biodiversity and the invasions of exotic species. The paradox leaves the implications of native?exotic species richness relationships open to debate: Are rich native communities more or less susceptible to invasion by exotic species? We reviewed the considerable observational, experimental, and theoretical evidence describing the paradox and sought generalizations concerning where and why the paradox occurs, its implications for community ecology and assembly processes, and its relevance for restoration, management, and policy associated with species invasions. The crux...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Ecological Society of America,
Ecology,
biodiversity,
exotic,
invasibility,
Alien invasions typically reduce species richness of habitats, but few studies have examined their effects on species turnover, the difference in species composition between localities. Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (crested wheat grass) has been planted on 6?10 million ha of North American prairie, and is invading native prairie. We studied the invasion of A. cristatum into native prairie by measuring species composition along a gradient from maximum to minimum A. cristatum abundance. As A. cristatum increased, the abundance of most common native species decreased, but one appeared to be unaffected (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag.), and another (Poa sandbergii Vasey) increased. The effect of A. cristatum on...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Agropyron cristatum,
Diversity and Distributions,
Saskatchewan,
biological invasions,
invasive species,
This dataset supports the inclusion of Anodontoides radiatus in the genus Strophitus, introducing the binomial Strophitus radiatus. These data also provide strong support for paraphyly in Strophitus and advocate the resurrection of the genus Pseudodontoides to represent the binomials Pseudodontoides connasaugaensis and Pseudodontoides subvexus.
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
biota,
cryptic species,
generic reclassification,
incomplete lineage sorting,
Due to a gap in information on regeneration of hard-mast trees in the floodplain, interpretation was completed of existing 8“/pixel aerial imagery delineating a detailed hardwood forest spatial dataset within the floodplain forest of the Fish and Wildlife Upper Mississippi National Wildlife & Fish Refuge, McGregor District. The detailed map of bottomland hardwoods will allow for the identification of existing habitat and assess bottomland hardwood tree patterns to enable management of these areas.
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Floodplain Forest,
Forest Restoration,
Hardwoods,
Illinois,
Iowa,
This portion of the data release presents aquatic invertebrate abundance data from samples collected in the Elwha River estuary, Washington, in 2007 and 2013 (no associated USGS Field Activities numbers because data were collected predominantly by biologists from the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe). Replicate benthic samples were collected at 18 locations throughout the estuary complex using a petite Ponar grab sampler (appx. 2400 mL sample) and sorted through a 500-micron sieve. Samples were fixed in 10 percent formalin for 3 to 5 days before being transferred to 70 percent ethanol until processing. Individuals were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic resolution, but are grouped according to insect Orders in...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Clallam County,
Elwha River,
Olympic Peninsula,
State of Washington,
Strait of Juan de Fuca,
Data are time series of substrate grain size, vertical relief, and measures of abundance (e.g., density, percent cover) of the nearshore subtidal (5-16 m depth) benthic community (vegetation, invertebrates, and fish) collected before (2008-2011), during (2012-2014), and after dam removal (2015-2022).
This dataset includes stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values for the inner tail retrices of three subspecies of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica rustica, H. r. tytleri, and H. r. gutturalis). Sampling was conducted in Russia (summer 2013), China (summer 2014), Mongolia (summer 2014), Japan (summer 2014), and western China (summer 2015) using mist nets. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data are useful proxies for diet and at broad spatial scales have the potential to constrain geographic distributions at the sub-population level. These data were used in tandem with molecular genetics to explore the extent to which a migratory divide explains the strength of reproductive isolation. There are two files in this dataset:...
The Lake Erie Ecological Investigations (LEEI) dataset, housed at the Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) was developed during a reevaluation of Lake Erie Areas of Concern (AOCs) from 1998-2000. These AOCs were recognized as such by the International Joint Commission (IJC) of the United States and Canada due to their severe water pollution problems. The dataset includes data from both the 1998-2000 reevaluation as well as data from other historical evaluations from the 1980’s to mid-1990’s for comparison where available. Data Description: Rivers and harbors of the Great Lakes have been impacted for decades by heavy industrialization, densely populated areas, and agriculture resulting in contamination, eutrophication,...
To define the faunal context within which local and regional resource management decisions are made, conservation of biological diversity requires an understanding of regional species occurrence patterns. Our study focused on the Southern Rocky Mountains of New Mexico and included the San Juan, the Sangre de Cristo, and the Jemez Mountains. Across this region, we quantified patterns of species richness and faunal diversity based on reported and predicted occurrences for birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and butterflies across this region. Specific hypotheses related to the origin and maintenance of observed diversity patterns were tested and interpreted based on their implication for biodiversity assessment...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Jemez Mountains,
Southwest biodiversity,
beta diversity,
biodiversity patterns,
butterflies,
This Fish Community Analysis dataset, a conceptual subgroup of the Lake Erie Ecological Investigations (LEEI) dataset, focuses on the fish communities sampled at Areas of Concern (AOCs) on Lake Erie. Per the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), fish were sampled for identification and measurement of length and weight. Identification of fish were done by the same biologists for both the 1998-2000 data and the 1986-87 historical data (Smith et al. 1994). Any fish difficult to identify were preserved in buffered formalin for later identification. If large numbers of a particular species were collected the first thirty fish were measured and weighed; remaining fish were individually measured and group weighed. All...
OBIS-USA brings together marine biological occurrence data – recorded observations of identifiable marine species at a known time and place, collected primarily from U.S. Waters or with U.S. funding. Coordinated by the Core Science, Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries (CSAS&L) Program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), OBIS-USA, strives to meet national data integration and dissemination needs for marine data about organisms and ecosystems. OBIS-USA is part of an international data sharing network (Ocean Biogeographic Information System, OBIS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Science and Cultural Organization International Oceanographic...
Categories: Project;
Types: NSDI Cooperative Agreements Program Project;
Tags: Arctic Ocean,
Atlantic Ocean,
Bay of Fundy,
Beaufort Sea,
Bering Sea,
Semi-arid ecosystems cover tens of millions of hectares in the Intermountain West of the United States, and most have altered plant communities due to land use, especially livestock grazing. Thus, relatively unaltered ?reference? plant community information is needed to guide restoration. Plant communities were sampled over a large (600 000 ha) semi-arid landscape in western Colorado, within pi�on?juniper woodlands, sagebrush shrublands, and grasslands, and over conditions ranging from relict areas without livestock grazing to heavily utilized areas. Ordination was used to group samples into ranked categories of ecological condition within 18 communities, and means?tests and other techniques were used to identify...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Journal of Arid Environments,
invasive species,
livestock grazing,
pinon-juniper woodland,
reference site,
We studied the associations of crayfish with reach-scale instream habitat and water quality variables and watershed-scale variables of riparian and watershed land cover, runoff, impervious surfaces, and hydrologic soil type in west-central Indiana. Crayfish assemblage was measured by abundance, species richness, and diversity (Shannon's H) at 180 sites. The western portion of the study area, within the Interior River Lowland ecoregion, has been heavily impacted by agriculture, while the eastern portion, within the Interior Plateau ecoregion, is more heavily wooded and less impacted. The ability of variables at each spatial extent to predict crayfish assemblage was assessed using multiple linear regression analysis....
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources,
Abundance,
Agricultural development,
Agriculture,
Biology--Entomology,
The widespread distribution of Strophitus undulatus, as well as high intraspecific morphological variation, has led previous authors to doubt the taxon is representative of a single species. Here we provide detailed information for all the freshwater mussels and associated DNA sequence data utilized to test species boundaries in S. undulatus. These molecular data, in combination with morphological data and results from species distribution models, support the recognition of an undescribed freshwater mussel species endemic to streams along the Edwards Plateau in the Colorado River basin in Texas, USA.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Aquatic Biology,
DNA sequencing,
Genetics,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
biota,
This data record contains arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) operational taxonomic unit (OTU) occurrences with native prairie plant species roots collected from paired remnant and reconstructed prairies, as well as soil physical and chemical property data from these field sites in Minnesota and Iowa.
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Iowa,
Jasper County,
Kandiyohi County,
Meeker County,
Minnesota,
The productivity of grasslands depends in part on their diversity of species and functional composition. Our objective was to examine the effects of three landscape positions (summit, backslope, and toeslope) and three stocking systems (continuous, rotational, and nongrazed) on species diversity and percentage of cover of grass, legume, and weed species functional types in southeastern Iowa pastures. Data were collected in 0.2-m2 plots randomly distributed throughout each of four replicate pastures in spring and summer 2000 and 2001. Backslope landscape positions within pastures managed with either continuous or rotational stocking contained the greatest overall diversity of species. Across years, overall species...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Agroecosistema,
Agroecosystem,
Agroécosystème,
America,
America del norte,
These data sets consist of data collected during 2005-2007, 2010, and 2015 at Neal Smith NWR (IA) and Fergus Falls, Litchfield, and Morris Wetland Management Districts (MN) that were used in the analysis in support of the article titled "Integrity of tallgrass prairie reconstructions ten years after planting: native plant persistence and exotic weed resistance," which has been submitted to the journal Restoration Ecology. The primary goal of this study was to understand what influence early reconstruction practices have on long-term outcomes. Twelve replicates of three planting methods (dormant-season broadcast, growing-season broadcast, and growing-season drill) and three seed mix richness levels (10, 20 or 34...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Cirsium arvense,
Ecosystem restoration,
Ecosystem sustainability,
Grasses,
Invasive grasses,
Macroecology is a big-picture, statistical approach to the study of ecology. By focusing on broadly occurring patterns and processes operating at large spatial and temporal scales and ignoring localized and fine-scaled details, macroecology aims to uncover general mechanisms operating at organism, population and ecosystem levels of organization. Although such an approach is evident in writings dating from the mid- to late 1800s, not until 1989 was the domain of macroecology clearly articulated. Since then there has been an exponential growth in publications employing a macroecological perspective. Here we (1) briefly review the history of macroecology, with emphasis on cultural, scientific and technological innovations...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Progress in Physical Geography,
abundance,
biogeography,
body size,
metabolic theory,
These data were compiled to assess the response of vegetation and biological soil crusts to drought in a semi-arid ecosystem on the Colorado Plateau near Moab, Utah. Objective(s) of our study were to explore how vegetation cover, soil conditions, and growing season nitrogen (N) availability are impacted by multifaceted drying climate conditions using data from a long-term precipitation reduction experiment (30% reduction). In 2010, U.S. Geological Survey biologists installed paired experimental plots with a control plot and a plot covered by a shelter that excluded 35% of incoming precipitation. These 40 sites represent shallow vs. deep soils and sandstone vs. shale parent material. These data were collected at...
These data were compiled to provide seed transfer and native plant materials development guidance to managers and practitioners across the Colorado Plateau and in adjacent regions. This data release contains empirical seed transfer zones derived from molecular genetic data for Cleome serrulata (syn. Peritoma serrulata), Heliomeris multiflora, and Astragalus lonchocarpus. These species show distinct population structure (i.e., genetic differentiation) across their ranges; as such, seed transfer zones reflect both patterns of genetic differentiation and information on each species' unique adaptations to climatic gradients. These shapefile data may support successful restoration outcomes if, for example, seed transfer...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Arizona,
Astragalus lonchocarpus,
Botany,
Cleome serrulata (syn. Peritoma serrulata),
Colorado,
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