In the spring of 2021, six households with private wells were selected throughout Graton, California, based on proximity to agriculture (within one mile of agriculture), well depth (i.e., less than 150 feet in depth), and well type (i.e., dug versus drilled). Silicone bands were deployed for 30 days at outdoor locations at each household to passively sample pesticides in ambient air. On May 3, 2021, the silicone bands were retrieved and outdoor water samples (i.e., spigot on the side of the house) and indoor tap water samples (i.e., kitchen faucet used for drinking water) were collected and analyzed for 187 pesticides, 57 potential hormonally active chemicals, and estrogenicity. This study was a citizen science effort and samples were collected by individual homeowners with provided sampling kits.
