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Natural gradient, lakebed tracer tests using nitrite in a nitrate-contaminated groundwater discharge zone in Ashumet Pond, Massachusetts The U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program at Cape Cod has been investigating the fate and transport of a treated-wastewater, groundwater contaminant plume. A portion of the contaminated groundwater discharges into Ashumet Pond, a kettle hole, freshwater lake. A study was conducted from June 2013 to June 2015 to document transport, transformation, and discharge of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species (DIN; nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide) from the contaminant plume to the lake, across the groundwater-surface water interface. As part of that study, in October 2014, two natural gradient tracer tests were conducted within the lake bed sediments using nitrite as a reactive tracer and bromide as... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Ashumet Pond, Denitrification, Environmental Health, Geochemistry, Groundwater-surface water interaction, All tags... Hydrogeology, Lakes, Nitrate, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Quality, Fewer tags Digital Photographs of Sediment Cores From a Boring Drilled to Bedrock in Glacial Sediments Near Nantucket Sound in East Falmouth, Cape Cod, Massachusetts This dataset contains high-resolution digital photographs of sediment cores collected from a boring drilled to bedrock near Nantucket Sound in East Falmouth, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Following collection and transportation to a processing facility, the upper half of each core was scraped to form a flat surface along the length of the core. Digital photographs were taken of 8-inch (20-centimeter) sections of each core. The digital images were composited by using Adobe Illustrator to create a photographic log of each core. Abbreviations used in this metadata file: cm, centimeter; mm, millimeter; ft, foot; in., inch. This data release is associated with the following publications: Hull, R.B, Johnson, C.D., Stone,... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: East Falmouth, Quaternary, lithostratigraphy, photographs, stratigraphic sections Determination of the effect of temperature (Q10) on denitrification rates in sediments collected from a groundwater discharge site in Ashumet Pond on Cape Cod, MA This data release presents results from a laboratory study designed to measure the effect of temperature on denitrification rates in sediments collected from 5- to 30-cm depth below the lake bottom, at a location where groundwater discharges to the lake. Sediment cores were collected June 25, 2014 from the West site (Fishermans Cove) in Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, MA then shipped to Boulder, CO for laboratory experiments. Groundwater used for these experiments was collected from a well just upgradient of the sediment collection site. Denitrification rates were determined on sediment plus groundwater slurries maintained under anaerobic conditions and employing the acetylene block method. Nitrous oxide concentrations... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC) Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Lake-Bottom Sediments of Ashumet Pond on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2020 (ver. 2.0, February 2024) Lake-bottom sediment and associated quality-control samples were collected in August 2020 from one coring location (U.S. Geological Survey station 413756070321301, ASHUMET POND, MASHPEE MI-ASHPD-0011) in Ashumet Pond downgradient from a former fire-training area on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The core was collected to determine if per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were present in the bottom sediments of a lake known to have elevated concentrations of PFAS in surface water and groundwater (Tokranov and others, 2021), and whether the sediments could act as a continuous source of PFAS to the lake. Processing the sediment core entailed collection of discrete samples at intervals ranging from 1-5 centimeters (cm)... Categories: Data, Data Release - Revised; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Cape Cod, Eastern United States, Environmental Health, Falmouth, Hydrology, All tags... Mashpee, Massachusetts, PFAS, Sandwich, Sedimentology, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Quality, chemical analysis, environment, grain-size analysis, hydrogeology, limnology, radiometric dating, sedimentation, vibracoring, Fewer tags Tissue-specific bioconcentration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by fathead minnows from contaminated groundwater at a fire-training area, Cape Cod, Massachusetts from 2019 This data release presents chemical and biological results from an investigation of the uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from groundwater contaminated by fire training activities on Cape Cod, Massachusetts conducted from July to August 2019. An exposure experiment was conducted at an a PFAS contaminated site (FTA-1) near the fire training area (FTA). To assess the tissue-specific uptake characteristics of the mixture of PFAS present in the groundwater from the FTA-1 site, a 21-day mobile laboratory exposure experiment was conducted. Details for the groundwater sampling sites and well construction are presented (Table 1). The PFAS mixture concentrations and composition in groundwater and in fish... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Biotic concentration, Cape Cod, Environmental Health, Fathead minnows, Fire training area, All tags... Fish, Groundwater, Joint Base Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Mobile laboratory exposure experiments, PFAS, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, boundaries, Fewer tags Observations of Lithostratigraphy and Hydrogeology From a Boring Drilled to Bedrock in Glacial Sediments Near Nantucket Sound in East Falmouth, Cape Cod, Massachusetts Lithostratigraphic and hydrogeologic observations for the unconfined aquifer of western Cape Cod are limited near coastal groundwater-discharge areas. In spring 2015, a 310-foot-deep boring was drilled and a well was installed to 100 feet below land surface to facilitate detailed study of aquifer characteristics along the southern coast of Cape Cod. Characteristics of interest included the depth and character of the freshwater/saltwater interface and bedrock surface, and vertical variations in grain size, bedding structure, and hydraulic conductivity. Sediment cores were collected from land surface to the bedrock surface at 305 feet below land surface. Bedrock cores were collected from 305 to 310 feet below land... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: East Falmouth, Freshwater/Saltwater Interface, Hydrogeology, Lithology, Lithostratigraphy, All tags... hydrogeologic units, hydrostratigraphy, Fewer tags Chemical Data From 40 Years of Monitoring a Treated-Wastewater Groundwater Plume in a Sand and Gravel Aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1978-2018 This U.S. Geological Survey data release provides a comprehensive dataset of water-quality data and sampling-site characteristics collected in 1978–2018 during a study of the effects of land disposal of treated wastewater on groundwater quality in an unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Treated sewage-derived wastewater was discharged to rapid-infiltration beds at Joint Base Cape Cod for nearly 60 years before the disposal was moved to a different location in December 1995. The discharge formed a plume of contaminated groundwater that partly discharges to a glacial kettle lake about 1,600 feet from the beds and extends about 4.5 miles toward coastal saltwater bodies at Vineyard Sound.... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Barnstable County, Bourne, Cape Cod, Falmouth, Mashpee, All tags... Massachusetts, Sandwich, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), contaminant transport, groundwater, groundwater flow, groundwater quality, hydrogeology, natural restoration, nutrient content (water), nutrient cycling, oxygen content (water), reaction transport, reactive transport, water chemistry, water quality, water sampling, water-quality restoration, Fewer tags Database of Lithostratigraphic Observations and Grain-Size Distributions From a Boring Drilled to Bedrock in Glacial Sediments Near Nantucket Sound in East Falmouth, Cape Cod, Massachusetts This dataset presents descriptions of sediments collected from a boring drilled to bedrock near Nantucket Sound in East Falmouth, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. There are four types of descriptions—units, features, subsamples, and grain-size distributions: 1) Units correspond to “lithostratigraphic units” described by Hull and others (2019). Units are vertically continuous zones of generally similar sediment type. They range from 1 to 100 feet thick. The top and bottom of each unit is given in feet relative to depth below land surface. 2) Features are described as “lithostratigraphic features” by Hull and others (2019). Features are discrete zones of very similar sediment 0.1 to 5.0 feet thick. A single unit can encompass... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: East Falmouth, Quaternary, earth history, groundwater, hydrology, All tags... lithologic maps, permeability, salinity, stratigraphic sections, surficial geologic units, well drilling, Fewer tags Determination of the effect of temperature (Q10) on rates of oxygen consumption in surface sediments collected from Ashumet Pond on Cape Cod, MA (2016) This data release presents results from a laboratory study designed to measure the effect of temperature on rates of oxygen consumption within lake-bottom surface sediments at 0- to 5-cm depth. Sediment and lake water samples were collected June 8, 2016 from the South site in Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, MA, where lake water recharges to the aquifer. Samples were shipped to Boulder, CO for laboratory experiments. Oxygen concentrations were measured over the course of several days or weeks on serum bottles containing either sieved sediment (<2 mm) combined with filtered lake water, unfiltered lake water only, or deionized water (DIW) only at 3 different incubation temperatures (5, 15, 24 degrees Celsius). The oxygen consumption... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Geochemistry, Hydrogeology, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Quality Transient Electromagnetics, Passive Seismic, and Borehole Electromagnetics, Gamma, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods to Characterize Glacial Sediments in East Falmouth, Massachusetts, Near Nantucket Sound In March 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey drilled a borehole, MA-FSW-750-0100, through the unconsolidated sediments and 1.5 m into the bedrock in East Falmouth, Massachusetts, to improve understanding of the glacial history and hydrologic properties of the Cape Cod aquifer. Prior to drilling, candidate sites were investigated using surface geophysical methods. Passive seismic horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) methods were used to estimate the depth of the unconsolidated deposits over bedrock. Transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys were conducted to characterize the lithology and salinity of formation water in the subsurface, which was used to plan the borehole completion. The specific conductance of... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Borehole Logging, Conductivity, East Falmouth, Electromagnetic Induction (EMI), Electromagnetic Surveying, All tags... Gamma-Ray Logging, Groundwater, Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio Seismic (HVSR), Massachusetts, Nantucket Sound, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Passive Seismic, Resistivity, Seismic Methods, Time Domain, Transient Electromagnetics (TEM), USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), environment, geoscientificInformation, Fewer tags Seasonal and spatial variation in the location and reactivity of a nitrate-contaminated groundwater discharge zone in a lakebed The U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program at Cape Cod has been investigating the fate and transport of a treated-wastewater, groundwater contaminant plume. A portion of the contaminated groundwater discharges into Ashumet Pond, a kettle hole, freshwater lake. A study was conducted from June 2013 to June 2015 to document transport, transformation, and discharge of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species (DIN; nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide) from the contaminant plume to the lake, across the groundwater-surface water interface. Groundwater, lakewater, lake sediment porewater, and sediment cores were collected and analyzed for DIN constituents as well as functional gene abundance for key N-cycle... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Ashumet Pond, Massachusetts, Denitrification, Geochemistry, Groundwater-surface water interaction, Hydrogeology, All tags... Lakes, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Quality, nitrate, Fewer tags Heat tracing of potential groundwater seepage zones along the upper Coonamessett River bog area (Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2021) Locations of focused groundwater seepage to surface water are often hydrologically and ecologically important. Spatially focused or ‘preferential’ seepage can be identified as anomalous cold zones compared to warmer adjacent bank and surface water features (in summer). The temperature of deeper groundwater on Cape Cod is expected to approximate 11 °C year-round, yielding a relatively cold signature where groundwater emerges from the saturated sediment interface. Recent advances in thermal infrared imaging allow efficient real-time scanning for cold anomalies that may be associated with preferential seepage zones, and direct temperature measurements can be collected within the sediments of these zones to better capture... Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Cape Cod, Coonamessett River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Groundwater, Massachusetts, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), All tags... geoscientificInformation, groundwater, groundwater and surface-water interaction, hydrology, infrared imaging, inlandWaters, surface water (non-marine), Fewer tags