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Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio constitute the majority of what is known as the Corn Belt, the most intensive agricultural region in the U.S. with corn and soybeans as the predominant crops. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture 61 percent of the acreage of the Central Midwest region was cropland in 2012. The corn and soybean is fed to livestock, making this a key area for the production of hogs, chickens, and cattle. The production of ethanol as a fuel additive has greatly increased corn production and Conservation Reserve Program land has increasingly become farmed again as agricultural commodity prices have increased from increased product demand. Runoff and drainage from agricultural fields and...
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Alaska is the largest state in the United States (586,412 square miles) and has a diverse array of fish habitats including most of the nation’s intact and highest condition fish habitat. Alaska has an estimated 46,882 miles of coastal shoreline, more than 3 million lakes, and at least 365,000 miles of rivers and streams. Pacific salmon (five species), pollock, halibut, Pacific cod, king crab, and many other species support robust subsistence, recreational, and commercial fisheries, nearly all of which come from self-sustaining wild populations. For Alaskans, fishing is an integral part of their heritage and culture and an important means of supporting their families. The inland assessment for Alaska focuses on...
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Reductions of flows resulting from drought and water withdrawals threaten the Fountain Darter (Etheostoma fonticola) in the headwater springs that feed the San Marcos and Comal Rivers, Texas. These are the only two places in the world this species is found. It uses dense aquatic plants and algae as habitat. It is severely threatened by the loss of vegetation caused by an exotic snail and afflicted by a parasitic non-native trematode whose life cycle uses the exotic snail as a host.
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Clouds often come in contact with vegetation (often named fogs) within a certain elevation range on Hawaiʻi’s mountains. Propelled by strong winds, cloud droplets are driven onto the stems and leaves of plants where they are deposited. Some of the water that accumulates on the plants in this way drips to the ground, adding additional water over and above the water supplied by rainfall. Prior observations show that the amount of cloud water intercepted by vegetation is substantial, but also quite variable from place to place. It is, therefore, important to create a map for the complex spatial patterns of cloud water interception (CWI) in Hawaiʻi. In this project, we proposed to create the CWI map at 0.8-km resolution...
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On Hawai‘i’s mountains, cloud droplets, propelled by strong winds, are deposited on plants, where they accumulate and drip to the ground, adding water over and above that supplied by rainfall. Prior studies show that the amount of intercepted cloud water is substantial, and variable from place to place. Estimates of the spatial patterns of cloud water interception (CWI), the fog-related effects on plants, and the contributions of fog to groundwater recharge and surface water flows are needed to better understand the water cycle and predict effects of climate change on water supply and ecosystems. We will make measurements of fog, wind, fog interception, soil moisture, and fog effects on plant water use and plant...
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The University of Oregon Environmental Studies Program (UO ENVS) is proposing to work with the North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative in support of the Pacific Northwest Tribal Climate Change Project, which is aimed at building an understanding of the impacts that climate change may have on American Indian and Alaska Native tribal culture and sovereignty. This agreement will focus on supporting the Pacific Northwest Tribal Climate Change Project and developing resources that foster partnerships, knowledge exchange and outreach opportunities between tribes, climate scientists and other climate change partners in the region.
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The Mediterranean climate region of southern and coastal California is a globallyrecognized biodiversity hotspot, in addition its natural landscapes provide a suite of ecosystemservices including water provision to the high density urban populations and agricultural lands inclose proximity. The provisioning of water is also critical to sustained ecological function,including habitat for endangered species like the southern California steelhead. Given theimportance of water provisioning and other ecosystem services, there is surprisingly little knownregarding their vulnerability to future climates and increasing fire in southern California.This is particularly concerning given the predicted impacts of climate change...
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Natural resource management requires decision making in the face of uncertain future conditions. Climate change has been identified by our partnership as a high-priority threat to grasslands and all of our priority habitats, affecting water availability, species composition, species interactions, phenology, and other factors. Climate change is understood to be a factor in nearly all natural resource issues, but managers find it difficult to plan for climate change because of high levels of uncertainty. Multiple Global Climate Models (GCMs), CO2 emission scenarios, downscaling methods, and combinations of these compound our uncertainty. Natural resource managers need a simple way to evaluate climate-driven changes...
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The Wind River Indian Reservation in west-central Wyoming is home to the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho tribes, who reside near and depend on water from the streams that feed into the Wind River. In recent years, however, the region has experienced frequent severe droughts, which have impacted tribal livelihoods and cultural activities. Scientists with the North Central Climate Science Center at Colorado State University, the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and several other university and agency partners are working closely with tribal water managers to assess how drought affects the reservation, integrating social, ecological, and hydro-climatological sciences...
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The Rio Grande-Rio Bravo River is the second longest river in the US and is a critical drinking water source for more than 13 million people. It flows south from the snow-capped mountains of Colorado through the New Mexico desert, forms the border between Texas and Mexico, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico at Brownsville, Texas. The multi-national, multi-state, ecologically diverse nature of this river makes management of the resource a complex task, especially in the context of more frequent droughts, changes in land use patterns, and increasing water use needs. The purpose of this project was to review scientific monitoring and research reports and provide an overview of the state of the knowledge of the Upper...
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Control of invasive sea lamprey recruitment from tributary streams is a major management objective in the Great Lakes, and benefits from barriers that prevent access to spawning habitat. As society moves toward removal of more tributary barriers due to concerns about native migratory fishes, aging infrastructure, and vulnerability to climate-driven flooding, it is important to assess the costs of alternative options for sea lamprey control. This project is integrating cost estimates for application of a lamprey-specific pesticide into cost-benefit optimization models used to support decisions about barrier removals that maximize restoration of habitat for native species. By integrating lamprey control options...
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The purpose of Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) is to inform the management of natural and cultural heritage resources in response to shifts in climate, habitat fragmentation and loss, and other landscape level challenges. The South Atlantic LCC’s mission is to “create a shared blueprint for landscape conservation actions that sustain natural and cultural resources” (South Atlantic LCC 2014) and to this end, has contracted with the Conservation Biology Institute (CBI) to release the first version of the Conservation Blueprint using the Data Basin (databasin.org) platform. The South Atlantic LCC seeks to iteratively refine the Conservation Blueprint and release future versions as necessary to achieve their...
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The Monarch’s View of a City project will lay the groundwork for design principles to guide the development, testing and deployment of future urban conservation for the Monarch butterfly across the Eastern half of the country. This strategy will need to reflect an integrated and interdisciplinary approach, one that includes ecological and social dimensions specific to an urban landscape. Pilot design projects at various scales in at least two cities will advance the state of science for developing landscape conservation design (LCD) guidelines for monarch butterfly conservation in urban areas as described below. While the ETPBR LCC, working through US Fish & Wildlife Service staff, will select cities and manage...
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Soil moisture is a critical variable for understanding the impacts of drought on ecological, hydrological, and agricultural systems. Yet, key research gaps currently prevent existing soil moisture measurements from being used to assess drought conditions and mitigate drought impacts such as wildfire outbreaks, lost agricultural production, and degraded wildlife habitat. In fact, most scales used to characterize the severity of drought, known as “drought indices”, don’t include soil moisture measurements, relying instead on atmospheric data. Current barriers to the incorporation of soil moisture data include a lack of consensus regarding how to best construct soil moisture-based drought indices, the challenges associated...
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Forests play a role in air quality by supplying the atmosphere with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), precursors to ozone and aerosols. Different tree types emit different VOCs, each with different capacity to form ozone and aerosols. Therefore, shifts in forest composition may impact ozone and aerosol yields. Climate change is one of the expected drivers of forest change. In particular, the current range boundaries of a variety of species are expected to shift northward. The impacts of these climate-induced shifts in forest composition on air quality, particularly VOC emissions and subsequent ozone and aerosol formation, is little understood. This project aimed to explore the relative contribution of shifts in...
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All peoples have a right to make meaningful plans for their future. For many Tribes in the northeast region of the United States, trends in the environment such as shifting lake levels, patterns of precipitation and other seasonal cycles pose potential problems. This includes financial burdens on Tribal governments and stresses on Tribal cultural practices such as harvesting medicinal plants and food staples such as wild rice. Consistent with the U.S. federal trust responsibility to Tribes, the Northeast Climate Science Center (NE CSC) has key scientific resources for supporting Tribal adaptation planning in light of noted shifts in environmental trends. The primary activity of this project was for the College...
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The U.S Geological Survey (USGS) is partnering with the National Fish Habitat Partnership (NFHP) to produce the 2015 report entitled, "Through a Fish's Eye: The Status of Fish Habitats in the United States 2015". The information contained within this item is a product of NFHP. The Bureau is neither responsible nor liable for the accuracy or the use of the scientific content within this item. This content is considered preliminary pending subsequent review and approval
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Partnerships - Western Native Trout Initiative, Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Desert Fish Habitat Partnership Funding was provided to construct three barriers to protect Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout populations in the Carson National Forest, New Mexico; one barrier to protect Gila Trout in Willow Creek, New Mexico; and one barrier to protect 54 miles of important Lahontan Cutthroat Trout habitat in Lower McDermitt Creek, Nevada, the largest meta population of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in the Northwest population segment. Assessed 89 miles of streams for 15 fish populations and aquatic macroinvertebrate surveys, predominantly, to determine the effect of wildfires on Gila Trout and associated aquatic species...
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Coal is mined throughout southern West Virginia, southwestern Virginia, and western Pennsylvania; mining activities account for elevated risks of aquatic habitat degradation throughout this zone. Drainage from coal mines and coal refuse piles is a common problem in the Appalachian coal region. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection reported in 2014 that streams surveyed in the western portion of the state, such as the Monongahela River, were considered impaired due to sulfates from mining. Coal mine drainage also releases acidic water into streams, making them thousands of times more acidic than unaffected streams and eliminating a majority of native aquatic species in the process. The practice of “mountaintop...
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Minnesota is known as “The Land of 10,000 Lakes” and officially there are 11,842 lakes more than 10 acres (40,000 m²) in size. The prevalence of lakes has generated many repeat names. For example, there are more than 200 Mud Lakes, 150 Long Lakes, and 120 Rice Lakes. Minnesota's waters flow outward in three directions: 1) north to Hudson Bay in Canada; 2) east to the Atlantic Ocean; and 3) south to the Gulf of Mexico. Wisconsin and Michigan both have waters that flow east to the Atlantic Ocean and south to the Gulf of Mexico. Wetlands acreage present in 1850: 18.6 million acres (7.5 million hectares). Wetlands acreage present in 2008: 10.6 million acres (4.3 million hectares). Massive ice sheets at least 1 kilometer...
map background search result map search result map The Wind River Indian Reservation’s Vulnerability to the Impacts of Drought and the Development of Decision Tools to Support Drought Preparedness Supporting Cooperation Between Tribes and Climate Scientists in the Northeast Region Soil Moisture-Based Drought Monitoring for the South Central Region Cloud Water Interception in Hawai‘i - Part 1: Understanding the Impact of Fog on Groundwater and Ecosystems and Future Changes to these Processes Cloud Water Interception in Hawaiʻi - Part 2: Mapping Current and Future Exchange of Water Between Clouds and Vegetation in Hawaiʻi's Mountains Multi-scale conservation planning under climate change: using local and ecoregional models to inform landscape conservation design Integrating lampricide options into a decision support tool for barrier management in Great Lakes tributaries South Atlantic Conservation Blueprint interactive viewer Description of Mining as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for Fountain Darters in Southern Plains States Mountain States - Risk of Current Fish Habitat Degradation Map Facts About Upper Midwest States Summary of Scientific Findings for Alaska Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Southwestern States A Monarch’s View of Urban Landscapes: Pilot City Design Projects Final Report Assessing the impacts of future climates and fire on hydrologic regimes in the Mediterranean-type ecosystems of southern California Air Quality Impacts of Climate-Induced Changes on Forest Composition Assessing the State of Water Resource Knowledge and Tools for Future Planning in the Upper Rio Grande-Rio Bravo Basin The Wind River Indian Reservation’s Vulnerability to the Impacts of Drought and the Development of Decision Tools to Support Drought Preparedness Assessing the impacts of future climates and fire on hydrologic regimes in the Mediterranean-type ecosystems of southern California Cloud Water Interception in Hawai‘i - Part 1: Understanding the Impact of Fog on Groundwater and Ecosystems and Future Changes to these Processes Cloud Water Interception in Hawaiʻi - Part 2: Mapping Current and Future Exchange of Water Between Clouds and Vegetation in Hawaiʻi's Mountains Description of Mining as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Assessing the State of Water Resource Knowledge and Tools for Future Planning in the Upper Rio Grande-Rio Bravo Basin Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Multi-scale conservation planning under climate change: using local and ecoregional models to inform landscape conservation design Facts About Upper Midwest States South Atlantic Conservation Blueprint interactive viewer Soil Moisture-Based Drought Monitoring for the South Central Region A Monarch’s View of Urban Landscapes: Pilot City Design Projects Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Southwestern States Mountain States - Risk of Current Fish Habitat Degradation Map Habitat Trouble for Fountain Darters in Southern Plains States Air Quality Impacts of Climate-Induced Changes on Forest Composition Integrating lampricide options into a decision support tool for barrier management in Great Lakes tributaries Supporting Cooperation Between Tribes and Climate Scientists in the Northeast Region Summary of Scientific Findings for Alaska Final Report